Brain volume increase and neuronal plasticity underly predator-induced morphological defense expression in Daphnia longicephala

Abstract Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity describes the ability of prey to respond to an increased predation risk by developing adaptive phenotypes. Upon the perception of chemical predator cues, the freshwater crustacean Daphnia longicephala develops defensive crests against its predator Noto...

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Autores principales:	A Graeve, I Ioannidou, J Reinhard, D. M. Görl, A Faissner, LC Weiss
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cc3be13b60654907ac6cf13ebd43deea
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cc3be13b60654907ac6cf13ebd43deea2021-12-02T17:41:10ZBrain volume increase and neuronal plasticity underly predator-induced morphological defense expression in Daphnia longicephala10.1038/s41598-021-92052-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/cc3be13b60654907ac6cf13ebd43deea2021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92052-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity describes the ability of prey to respond to an increased predation risk by developing adaptive phenotypes. Upon the perception of chemical predator cues, the freshwater crustacean Daphnia longicephala develops defensive crests against its predator Notonecta spec. (Heteroptera). Chemical predator perception initiates a cascade of biological reactions that leads to the development of these morphological features. Neuronal signaling is a central component in this series, however how the nervous system perceives and integrates environmental signals is not well understood. As neuronal activity is often accompanied by functional and structural plasticity of the nervous system, we hypothesized that predator perception is associated with structural and functional changes of nervous tissues. We observe structural plasticity as a volume increase of the central brain, which is independent of the total number of brain cells. In addition, we find functional plasticity in form of an increased number of inhibitory post-synaptic sites during the initial stage of defense development. Our results indicate a structural rewiring of nerve-cell connections upon predator perception and provide important insights into how the nervous system of prey species interprets predator cues and develops cost–benefit optimized defenses.A GraeveI IoannidouJ ReinhardD. M. GörlA FaissnerLC WeissNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q A Graeve I Ioannidou J Reinhard D. M. Görl A Faissner LC Weiss Brain volume increase and neuronal plasticity underly predator-induced morphological defense expression in Daphnia longicephala
description	Abstract Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity describes the ability of prey to respond to an increased predation risk by developing adaptive phenotypes. Upon the perception of chemical predator cues, the freshwater crustacean Daphnia longicephala develops defensive crests against its predator Notonecta spec. (Heteroptera). Chemical predator perception initiates a cascade of biological reactions that leads to the development of these morphological features. Neuronal signaling is a central component in this series, however how the nervous system perceives and integrates environmental signals is not well understood. As neuronal activity is often accompanied by functional and structural plasticity of the nervous system, we hypothesized that predator perception is associated with structural and functional changes of nervous tissues. We observe structural plasticity as a volume increase of the central brain, which is independent of the total number of brain cells. In addition, we find functional plasticity in form of an increased number of inhibitory post-synaptic sites during the initial stage of defense development. Our results indicate a structural rewiring of nerve-cell connections upon predator perception and provide important insights into how the nervous system of prey species interprets predator cues and develops cost–benefit optimized defenses.
format	article
author	A Graeve I Ioannidou J Reinhard D. M. Görl A Faissner LC Weiss
author_facet	A Graeve I Ioannidou J Reinhard D. M. Görl A Faissner LC Weiss
author_sort	A Graeve
title	Brain volume increase and neuronal plasticity underly predator-induced morphological defense expression in Daphnia longicephala
title_short	Brain volume increase and neuronal plasticity underly predator-induced morphological defense expression in Daphnia longicephala
title_full	Brain volume increase and neuronal plasticity underly predator-induced morphological defense expression in Daphnia longicephala
title_fullStr	Brain volume increase and neuronal plasticity underly predator-induced morphological defense expression in Daphnia longicephala
title_full_unstemmed	Brain volume increase and neuronal plasticity underly predator-induced morphological defense expression in Daphnia longicephala
title_sort	brain volume increase and neuronal plasticity underly predator-induced morphological defense expression in daphnia longicephala
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cc3be13b60654907ac6cf13ebd43deea
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Brain volume increase and neuronal plasticity underly predator-induced morphological defense expression in Daphnia longicephala

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