Mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses detected in raw sewages.

Epitheliotropic viruses can find their way into sewage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) in urban wastewaters. Sewage samples were collected from treatment plants distributed throughout Italy. The DNA...

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Autores principales:	Giuseppina La Rosa, Marta Fratini, Luisa Accardi, Graziana D'Oro, Simonetta Della Libera, Michele Muscillo, Paola Di Bonito
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cc5c4731f75b45cea4e5eeb42e9a8c7a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cc5c4731f75b45cea4e5eeb42e9a8c7a2021-11-18T08:01:42ZMucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses detected in raw sewages.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0052391https://doaj.org/article/cc5c4731f75b45cea4e5eeb42e9a8c7a2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23341898/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Epitheliotropic viruses can find their way into sewage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) in urban wastewaters. Sewage samples were collected from treatment plants distributed throughout Italy. The DNA extracted from these samples was analyzed by PCR using five PV-specific sets of primers targeting the L1 (GP5/GP6, MY09/MY11, FAP59/64, SKF/SKR) and E1 regions (PM-A/PM-B), according to the protocols previously validated for the detection of mucosal and cutaneous HPV genotypes. PCR products underwent sequencing analysis and the sequences were aligned to reference genomes from the Papillomavirus Episteme database. Phylogenetic analysis was then performed to assess the genetic relationships among the different sequences and between the sequences of the samples and those of the prototype strains. A broad spectrum of sequences related to mucosal and cutaneous HPV types was detected in 81% of the sewage samples analyzed. Surprisingly, sequences related to the anogenital HPV6 and 11 were detected in 19% of the samples, and sequences related to the "high risk" oncogenic HPV16 were identified in two samples. Sequences related to HPV9, HPV20, HPV25, HPV76, HPV80, HPV104, HPV110, HPV111, HPV120 and HPV145 beta Papillomaviruses were detected in 76% of the samples. In addition, similarity searches and phylogenetic analysis of some sequences suggest that they could belong to putative new genotypes of the beta genus. In this study, for the first time, the presence of HPV viruses strongly related to human cancer is reported in sewage samples. Our data increases the knowledge of HPV genomic diversity and suggests that virological analysis of urban sewage can provide key information useful in supporting epidemiological studies.Giuseppina La RosaMarta FratiniLuisa AccardiGraziana D'OroSimonetta Della LiberaMichele MuscilloPaola Di BonitoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 1, p e52391 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Giuseppina La Rosa Marta Fratini Luisa Accardi Graziana D'Oro Simonetta Della Libera Michele Muscillo Paola Di Bonito Mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses detected in raw sewages.
description	Epitheliotropic viruses can find their way into sewage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) in urban wastewaters. Sewage samples were collected from treatment plants distributed throughout Italy. The DNA extracted from these samples was analyzed by PCR using five PV-specific sets of primers targeting the L1 (GP5/GP6, MY09/MY11, FAP59/64, SKF/SKR) and E1 regions (PM-A/PM-B), according to the protocols previously validated for the detection of mucosal and cutaneous HPV genotypes. PCR products underwent sequencing analysis and the sequences were aligned to reference genomes from the Papillomavirus Episteme database. Phylogenetic analysis was then performed to assess the genetic relationships among the different sequences and between the sequences of the samples and those of the prototype strains. A broad spectrum of sequences related to mucosal and cutaneous HPV types was detected in 81% of the sewage samples analyzed. Surprisingly, sequences related to the anogenital HPV6 and 11 were detected in 19% of the samples, and sequences related to the "high risk" oncogenic HPV16 were identified in two samples. Sequences related to HPV9, HPV20, HPV25, HPV76, HPV80, HPV104, HPV110, HPV111, HPV120 and HPV145 beta Papillomaviruses were detected in 76% of the samples. In addition, similarity searches and phylogenetic analysis of some sequences suggest that they could belong to putative new genotypes of the beta genus. In this study, for the first time, the presence of HPV viruses strongly related to human cancer is reported in sewage samples. Our data increases the knowledge of HPV genomic diversity and suggests that virological analysis of urban sewage can provide key information useful in supporting epidemiological studies.
format	article
author	Giuseppina La Rosa Marta Fratini Luisa Accardi Graziana D'Oro Simonetta Della Libera Michele Muscillo Paola Di Bonito
author_facet	Giuseppina La Rosa Marta Fratini Luisa Accardi Graziana D'Oro Simonetta Della Libera Michele Muscillo Paola Di Bonito
author_sort	Giuseppina La Rosa
title	Mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses detected in raw sewages.
title_short	Mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses detected in raw sewages.
title_full	Mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses detected in raw sewages.
title_fullStr	Mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses detected in raw sewages.
title_full_unstemmed	Mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses detected in raw sewages.
title_sort	mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses detected in raw sewages.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/cc5c4731f75b45cea4e5eeb42e9a8c7a
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Mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses detected in raw sewages.

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