Are ecological communities the seat of endosymbiont horizontal transfer and diversification? A case study with soil arthropod community

Abstract Maternally inherited endosymbionts of arthropods are one of the most abundant and diverse group of bacteria. These bacterial endosymbionts also show extensive horizontal transfer to taxonomically unrelated hosts and widespread recombination in their genomes. Such horizontal transfers can be...

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Autores principales:	Manisha Gupta, Rajbir Kaur, Ankita Gupta, Rhitoban Raychoudhury
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	DNA barcoding ecological community endosymbionts horizontal transfer recombination Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cc88b5cd001e4b38afb0764202a6fc00
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cc88b5cd001e4b38afb0764202a6fc002021-11-08T17:10:40ZAre ecological communities the seat of endosymbiont horizontal transfer and diversification? A case study with soil arthropod community2045-775810.1002/ece3.8108https://doaj.org/article/cc88b5cd001e4b38afb0764202a6fc002021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8108https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758Abstract Maternally inherited endosymbionts of arthropods are one of the most abundant and diverse group of bacteria. These bacterial endosymbionts also show extensive horizontal transfer to taxonomically unrelated hosts and widespread recombination in their genomes. Such horizontal transfers can be enhanced when different arthropod hosts come in contact like in an ecological community. Higher rates of horizontal transfer can also increase the probability of recombination between endosymbionts, as they now share the same host cytoplasm. However, reports of community‐wide endosymbiont data are rare as most studies choose few host taxa and specific ecological interactions among the hosts. To better understand endosymbiont spread within host populations, we investigated the incidence, diversity, extent of horizontal transfer, and recombination of three endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Cardinium, and Arsenophonus) in a specific soil arthropod community. Wolbachia strains were characterized with MLST genes whereas 16S rRNA gene was used for Cardinium and Arsenophonus. Among 3,509 individual host arthropods, belonging to 390 morphospecies, 12.05% were infected with Wolbachia, 2.82% with Cardinium and 2.05% with Arsenophonus. Phylogenetic incongruence between host and endosymbiont indicated extensive horizontal transfer of endosymbionts within this community. Three cases of recombination between Wolbachia supergroups and eight incidences of within‐supergroup recombination were also found. Statistical tests of similarity indicated supergroup A Wolbachia and Cardinium show a pattern consistent with extensive horizontal transfer within the community but not for supergroup B Wolbachia and Arsenophonus. We highlight the importance of extensive community‐wide studies for a better understanding of the spread of endosymbionts across global arthropod communities.Manisha GuptaRajbir KaurAnkita GuptaRhitoban RaychoudhuryWileyarticleDNA barcodingecological communityendosymbiontshorizontal transferrecombinationEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcology and Evolution, Vol 11, Iss 21, Pp 14490-14508 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	DNA barcoding ecological community endosymbionts horizontal transfer recombination Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	DNA barcoding ecological community endosymbionts horizontal transfer recombination Ecology QH540-549.5 Manisha Gupta Rajbir Kaur Ankita Gupta Rhitoban Raychoudhury Are ecological communities the seat of endosymbiont horizontal transfer and diversification? A case study with soil arthropod community
description	Abstract Maternally inherited endosymbionts of arthropods are one of the most abundant and diverse group of bacteria. These bacterial endosymbionts also show extensive horizontal transfer to taxonomically unrelated hosts and widespread recombination in their genomes. Such horizontal transfers can be enhanced when different arthropod hosts come in contact like in an ecological community. Higher rates of horizontal transfer can also increase the probability of recombination between endosymbionts, as they now share the same host cytoplasm. However, reports of community‐wide endosymbiont data are rare as most studies choose few host taxa and specific ecological interactions among the hosts. To better understand endosymbiont spread within host populations, we investigated the incidence, diversity, extent of horizontal transfer, and recombination of three endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Cardinium, and Arsenophonus) in a specific soil arthropod community. Wolbachia strains were characterized with MLST genes whereas 16S rRNA gene was used for Cardinium and Arsenophonus. Among 3,509 individual host arthropods, belonging to 390 morphospecies, 12.05% were infected with Wolbachia, 2.82% with Cardinium and 2.05% with Arsenophonus. Phylogenetic incongruence between host and endosymbiont indicated extensive horizontal transfer of endosymbionts within this community. Three cases of recombination between Wolbachia supergroups and eight incidences of within‐supergroup recombination were also found. Statistical tests of similarity indicated supergroup A Wolbachia and Cardinium show a pattern consistent with extensive horizontal transfer within the community but not for supergroup B Wolbachia and Arsenophonus. We highlight the importance of extensive community‐wide studies for a better understanding of the spread of endosymbionts across global arthropod communities.
format	article
author	Manisha Gupta Rajbir Kaur Ankita Gupta Rhitoban Raychoudhury
author_facet	Manisha Gupta Rajbir Kaur Ankita Gupta Rhitoban Raychoudhury
author_sort	Manisha Gupta
title	Are ecological communities the seat of endosymbiont horizontal transfer and diversification? A case study with soil arthropod community
title_short	Are ecological communities the seat of endosymbiont horizontal transfer and diversification? A case study with soil arthropod community
title_full	Are ecological communities the seat of endosymbiont horizontal transfer and diversification? A case study with soil arthropod community
title_fullStr	Are ecological communities the seat of endosymbiont horizontal transfer and diversification? A case study with soil arthropod community
title_full_unstemmed	Are ecological communities the seat of endosymbiont horizontal transfer and diversification? A case study with soil arthropod community
title_sort	are ecological communities the seat of endosymbiont horizontal transfer and diversification? a case study with soil arthropod community
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cc88b5cd001e4b38afb0764202a6fc00
work_keys_str_mv	AT manishagupta areecologicalcommunitiestheseatofendosymbionthorizontaltransferanddiversificationacasestudywithsoilarthropodcommunity AT rajbirkaur areecologicalcommunitiestheseatofendosymbionthorizontaltransferanddiversificationacasestudywithsoilarthropodcommunity AT ankitagupta areecologicalcommunitiestheseatofendosymbionthorizontaltransferanddiversificationacasestudywithsoilarthropodcommunity AT rhitobanraychoudhury areecologicalcommunitiestheseatofendosymbionthorizontaltransferanddiversificationacasestudywithsoilarthropodcommunity
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Are ecological communities the seat of endosymbiont horizontal transfer and diversification? A case study with soil arthropod community

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