In Vitro Immunomodulation of the Polysaccharides from Yam (<i>Dioscorea opposita</i> Thunb.) in Response to a Selenylation of Lower Extent

The immunomodulation of chemically selenylated polysaccharides has been attracting more attention recently, but the corresponding performance of the yam polysaccharides (YPS) with lower selenylation extent remains, thus far, unsolved. In this study, the YPS was selenylated with Na<sub>2</su...

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Autores principales:	Qing-Yun Guan, Ya-Ru Lin, Ling-Yu Li, Zhi-Mei Tang, Xin-Huai Zhao, Jia Shi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	yam polysaccharides selenium selenylation RAW 264.7 macrophages murine splenocytes immunomodulation Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cc99d518e84f4770b89d99553e0f1328
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cc99d518e84f4770b89d99553e0f13282021-11-25T17:35:36ZIn Vitro Immunomodulation of the Polysaccharides from Yam (<i>Dioscorea opposita</i> Thunb.) in Response to a Selenylation of Lower Extent10.3390/foods101127882304-8158https://doaj.org/article/cc99d518e84f4770b89d99553e0f13282021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2788https://doaj.org/toc/2304-8158The immunomodulation of chemically selenylated polysaccharides has been attracting more attention recently, but the corresponding performance of the yam polysaccharides (YPS) with lower selenylation extent remains, thus far, unsolved. In this study, the YPS was selenylated with Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> under acidic conditions generated by HNO<sub>3</sub> to reach two lower selenylation extents, yielding two selenylated YPSs, namely SeYPS-1 and SeYPS-2 with selenium contents of 715 and 1545 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicated that YPS, SeYPS-1, and SeYPS-2 all had in vitro immuno-modulation when using RAW 264.7 macrophages and murine splenocytes as cell models. In detail, the three polysaccharide samples at dose levels of 5–160 μg/mL showed insignificant cytotoxicity to the macrophages and splenocytes with cell exposure times of 12–24 h, because of the measured values of cell viability larger than 100%. However, Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> at dose levels of 1.3–3.25 μg/mL mostly caused obvious cytotoxic effects on the cells, resulting in reduced cell viability values or cell death, efficiently. The results demonstrated that, compared with YPS, both SeYPS-1 and SeYPS-2 at a lower dose level (5 μg/mL) were more active at promoting phagocytosis activity, increasing the CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> ratio of the T-lymphocyte sub-population in the murine splenocyte, improving cytokine secretion, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the macrophages, or increasing interferon-γ secretion, but suppressing IL-4 production in the splenocytes. Consistently, SeYPS-2 has more potential than SeYPS-1 at exerting these assessed bioactivities in the cells. Thus, we conclude that a chemical modification of YPS using trace element Se at a lower selenylation extent could bring about higher immunomodulatory activity towards macrophages and splenocytes, while selenylation extent of YPS is a critical factor used to govern the assessed activity changes of YPS.Qing-Yun GuanYa-Ru LinLing-Yu LiZhi-Mei TangXin-Huai ZhaoJia ShiMDPI AGarticleyam polysaccharidesseleniumselenylationRAW 264.7 macrophagesmurine splenocytesimmunomodulationChemical technologyTP1-1185ENFoods, Vol 10, Iss 2788, p 2788 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	yam polysaccharides selenium selenylation RAW 264.7 macrophages murine splenocytes immunomodulation Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	yam polysaccharides selenium selenylation RAW 264.7 macrophages murine splenocytes immunomodulation Chemical technology TP1-1185 Qing-Yun Guan Ya-Ru Lin Ling-Yu Li Zhi-Mei Tang Xin-Huai Zhao Jia Shi In Vitro Immunomodulation of the Polysaccharides from Yam (<i>Dioscorea opposita</i> Thunb.) in Response to a Selenylation of Lower Extent
description	The immunomodulation of chemically selenylated polysaccharides has been attracting more attention recently, but the corresponding performance of the yam polysaccharides (YPS) with lower selenylation extent remains, thus far, unsolved. In this study, the YPS was selenylated with Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> under acidic conditions generated by HNO<sub>3</sub> to reach two lower selenylation extents, yielding two selenylated YPSs, namely SeYPS-1 and SeYPS-2 with selenium contents of 715 and 1545 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicated that YPS, SeYPS-1, and SeYPS-2 all had in vitro immuno-modulation when using RAW 264.7 macrophages and murine splenocytes as cell models. In detail, the three polysaccharide samples at dose levels of 5–160 μg/mL showed insignificant cytotoxicity to the macrophages and splenocytes with cell exposure times of 12–24 h, because of the measured values of cell viability larger than 100%. However, Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> at dose levels of 1.3–3.25 μg/mL mostly caused obvious cytotoxic effects on the cells, resulting in reduced cell viability values or cell death, efficiently. The results demonstrated that, compared with YPS, both SeYPS-1 and SeYPS-2 at a lower dose level (5 μg/mL) were more active at promoting phagocytosis activity, increasing the CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> ratio of the T-lymphocyte sub-population in the murine splenocyte, improving cytokine secretion, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the macrophages, or increasing interferon-γ secretion, but suppressing IL-4 production in the splenocytes. Consistently, SeYPS-2 has more potential than SeYPS-1 at exerting these assessed bioactivities in the cells. Thus, we conclude that a chemical modification of YPS using trace element Se at a lower selenylation extent could bring about higher immunomodulatory activity towards macrophages and splenocytes, while selenylation extent of YPS is a critical factor used to govern the assessed activity changes of YPS.
format	article
author	Qing-Yun Guan Ya-Ru Lin Ling-Yu Li Zhi-Mei Tang Xin-Huai Zhao Jia Shi
author_facet	Qing-Yun Guan Ya-Ru Lin Ling-Yu Li Zhi-Mei Tang Xin-Huai Zhao Jia Shi
author_sort	Qing-Yun Guan
title	In Vitro Immunomodulation of the Polysaccharides from Yam (<i>Dioscorea opposita</i> Thunb.) in Response to a Selenylation of Lower Extent
title_short	In Vitro Immunomodulation of the Polysaccharides from Yam (<i>Dioscorea opposita</i> Thunb.) in Response to a Selenylation of Lower Extent
title_full	In Vitro Immunomodulation of the Polysaccharides from Yam (<i>Dioscorea opposita</i> Thunb.) in Response to a Selenylation of Lower Extent
title_fullStr	In Vitro Immunomodulation of the Polysaccharides from Yam (<i>Dioscorea opposita</i> Thunb.) in Response to a Selenylation of Lower Extent
title_full_unstemmed	In Vitro Immunomodulation of the Polysaccharides from Yam (<i>Dioscorea opposita</i> Thunb.) in Response to a Selenylation of Lower Extent
title_sort	in vitro immunomodulation of the polysaccharides from yam (<i>dioscorea opposita</i> thunb.) in response to a selenylation of lower extent
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cc99d518e84f4770b89d99553e0f1328
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In Vitro Immunomodulation of the Polysaccharides from Yam (<i>Dioscorea opposita</i> Thunb.) in Response to a Selenylation of Lower Extent

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