X-ray dark-field tomography reveals tooth cracks

Abstract Cracked tooth syndrome (CTS) is a common clinical finding for teeth, it affects about 5% of all adults each year. The finding of CTS is favored by several risk factors such as restorations, bruxism, occlusion habits, and age. Treatment options range, depending on the severity, from no treat...

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Autores principales:	Christoph Jud, Yash Sharma, Benedikt Günther, Jochen Weitz, Franz Pfeiffer, Daniela Pfeiffer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cca82fd7a670427a8325d1e7eea155ae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cca82fd7a670427a8325d1e7eea155ae2021-12-02T15:22:57ZX-ray dark-field tomography reveals tooth cracks10.1038/s41598-021-93393-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/cca82fd7a670427a8325d1e7eea155ae2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93393-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Cracked tooth syndrome (CTS) is a common clinical finding for teeth, it affects about 5% of all adults each year. The finding of CTS is favored by several risk factors such as restorations, bruxism, occlusion habits, and age. Treatment options range, depending on the severity, from no treatment at all to tooth extraction. Early diagnosis of CTS is crucial for optimal treatment and symptom reduction. There is no standard procedure for an evidence-based diagnosis up to date. The diagnosis is a challenge by the fact that the symptoms, including pain and sensitivity to temperature stimuli, cannot be clearly linked to the disease. Commonly used visual inspection does not provide in-depth information and is limited by the resolution of human eyes. This can be overcome by magnifying optics or contrast enhancers, but the diagnosis will still strongly rely on the practicians experience. Other methods are symptom reproduction with percussions, thermal pulp tests or bite tests. Dental X-ray radiography, as well as computed tomography, rarely detect cracks as they are limited in resolution. Here, we investigate X-ray dark-field tomography (XDT) for the detection of tooth microcracks. XDT simultaneously detects X-ray small-angle scattering (SAXS) in addition to the attenuation, whereas it is most sensitive to the micrometer regime. Since SAXS originates from gradients in electron density, the signal is sensitive to the sample morphology. Microcracks create manifold interfaces which lead to a strong signal. Therefore, it is possible to detect structural changes originating from subpixel-sized structures without directly resolving them. Together with complementary attenuation information, which visualizes comparatively large cracks, cracks are detected on all length-scales for a whole tooth in a non-destructive way. Hence, this proof-of principle study on three ex-vivo teeth shows the potential of X-ray scattering for evidence-based detection of cracked teeth.Christoph JudYash SharmaBenedikt GüntherJochen WeitzFranz PfeifferDaniela PfeifferNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Christoph Jud Yash Sharma Benedikt Günther Jochen Weitz Franz Pfeiffer Daniela Pfeiffer X-ray dark-field tomography reveals tooth cracks
description	Abstract Cracked tooth syndrome (CTS) is a common clinical finding for teeth, it affects about 5% of all adults each year. The finding of CTS is favored by several risk factors such as restorations, bruxism, occlusion habits, and age. Treatment options range, depending on the severity, from no treatment at all to tooth extraction. Early diagnosis of CTS is crucial for optimal treatment and symptom reduction. There is no standard procedure for an evidence-based diagnosis up to date. The diagnosis is a challenge by the fact that the symptoms, including pain and sensitivity to temperature stimuli, cannot be clearly linked to the disease. Commonly used visual inspection does not provide in-depth information and is limited by the resolution of human eyes. This can be overcome by magnifying optics or contrast enhancers, but the diagnosis will still strongly rely on the practicians experience. Other methods are symptom reproduction with percussions, thermal pulp tests or bite tests. Dental X-ray radiography, as well as computed tomography, rarely detect cracks as they are limited in resolution. Here, we investigate X-ray dark-field tomography (XDT) for the detection of tooth microcracks. XDT simultaneously detects X-ray small-angle scattering (SAXS) in addition to the attenuation, whereas it is most sensitive to the micrometer regime. Since SAXS originates from gradients in electron density, the signal is sensitive to the sample morphology. Microcracks create manifold interfaces which lead to a strong signal. Therefore, it is possible to detect structural changes originating from subpixel-sized structures without directly resolving them. Together with complementary attenuation information, which visualizes comparatively large cracks, cracks are detected on all length-scales for a whole tooth in a non-destructive way. Hence, this proof-of principle study on three ex-vivo teeth shows the potential of X-ray scattering for evidence-based detection of cracked teeth.
format	article
author	Christoph Jud Yash Sharma Benedikt Günther Jochen Weitz Franz Pfeiffer Daniela Pfeiffer
author_facet	Christoph Jud Yash Sharma Benedikt Günther Jochen Weitz Franz Pfeiffer Daniela Pfeiffer
author_sort	Christoph Jud
title	X-ray dark-field tomography reveals tooth cracks
title_short	X-ray dark-field tomography reveals tooth cracks
title_full	X-ray dark-field tomography reveals tooth cracks
title_fullStr	X-ray dark-field tomography reveals tooth cracks
title_full_unstemmed	X-ray dark-field tomography reveals tooth cracks
title_sort	x-ray dark-field tomography reveals tooth cracks
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cca82fd7a670427a8325d1e7eea155ae
work_keys_str_mv	AT christophjud xraydarkfieldtomographyrevealstoothcracks AT yashsharma xraydarkfieldtomographyrevealstoothcracks AT benediktgunther xraydarkfieldtomographyrevealstoothcracks AT jochenweitz xraydarkfieldtomographyrevealstoothcracks AT franzpfeiffer xraydarkfieldtomographyrevealstoothcracks AT danielapfeiffer xraydarkfieldtomographyrevealstoothcracks
_version_	1718387401210986496

X-ray dark-field tomography reveals tooth cracks

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