Social complexity and nesting habits are factors in the evolution of antimicrobial defences in wasps.

Microbial diseases are important selective agents in social insects and one major defense mechanism is the secretion of cuticular antimicrobial compounds. We hypothesized that given differences in group size, social complexity, and nest type the secretions of these antimicrobials will be under diffe...

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Autores principales:	Stephen J Hoggard, Peter D Wilson, Andrew J Beattie, Adam J Stow
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ccb44f92e80c45debdd2c31deafc4215
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ccb44f92e80c45debdd2c31deafc42152021-11-18T06:50:42ZSocial complexity and nesting habits are factors in the evolution of antimicrobial defences in wasps.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0021763https://doaj.org/article/ccb44f92e80c45debdd2c31deafc42152011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21754998/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Microbial diseases are important selective agents in social insects and one major defense mechanism is the secretion of cuticular antimicrobial compounds. We hypothesized that given differences in group size, social complexity, and nest type the secretions of these antimicrobials will be under different selective pressures. To test this we extracted secretions from nine wasp species of varying social complexity and nesting habits and assayed their antimicrobial compounds against cultures of Staphylococcus aureus. These data were then combined with phylogenetic data to provide an evolutionary context. Social species showed significantly higher (18x) antimicrobial activity than solitary species and species with paper nests showed significantly higher (11x) antimicrobial activity than those which excavated burrows. Mud-nest species showed no antimicrobial activity. Solitary, burrow-provisioning wasps diverged at more basal nodes of the phylogenetic trees, while social wasps diverged from the most recent nodes. These data suggest that antimicrobial defences may have evolved in response to ground-dwelling pathogens but the most important variable leading to increased antimicrobial strength was increase in group size and social complexity.Stephen J HoggardPeter D WilsonAndrew J BeattieAdam J StowPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 7, p e21763 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Stephen J Hoggard Peter D Wilson Andrew J Beattie Adam J Stow Social complexity and nesting habits are factors in the evolution of antimicrobial defences in wasps.
description	Microbial diseases are important selective agents in social insects and one major defense mechanism is the secretion of cuticular antimicrobial compounds. We hypothesized that given differences in group size, social complexity, and nest type the secretions of these antimicrobials will be under different selective pressures. To test this we extracted secretions from nine wasp species of varying social complexity and nesting habits and assayed their antimicrobial compounds against cultures of Staphylococcus aureus. These data were then combined with phylogenetic data to provide an evolutionary context. Social species showed significantly higher (18x) antimicrobial activity than solitary species and species with paper nests showed significantly higher (11x) antimicrobial activity than those which excavated burrows. Mud-nest species showed no antimicrobial activity. Solitary, burrow-provisioning wasps diverged at more basal nodes of the phylogenetic trees, while social wasps diverged from the most recent nodes. These data suggest that antimicrobial defences may have evolved in response to ground-dwelling pathogens but the most important variable leading to increased antimicrobial strength was increase in group size and social complexity.
format	article
author	Stephen J Hoggard Peter D Wilson Andrew J Beattie Adam J Stow
author_facet	Stephen J Hoggard Peter D Wilson Andrew J Beattie Adam J Stow
author_sort	Stephen J Hoggard
title	Social complexity and nesting habits are factors in the evolution of antimicrobial defences in wasps.
title_short	Social complexity and nesting habits are factors in the evolution of antimicrobial defences in wasps.
title_full	Social complexity and nesting habits are factors in the evolution of antimicrobial defences in wasps.
title_fullStr	Social complexity and nesting habits are factors in the evolution of antimicrobial defences in wasps.
title_full_unstemmed	Social complexity and nesting habits are factors in the evolution of antimicrobial defences in wasps.
title_sort	social complexity and nesting habits are factors in the evolution of antimicrobial defences in wasps.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/ccb44f92e80c45debdd2c31deafc4215
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Social complexity and nesting habits are factors in the evolution of antimicrobial defences in wasps.

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