Micro-biomechanics of the Kebara 2 hyoid and its implications for speech in Neanderthals.

The description of a Neanderthal hyoid from Kebara Cave (Israel) in 1989 fuelled scientific debate on the evolution of speech and complex language. Gross anatomy of the Kebara 2 hyoid differs little from that of modern humans. However, whether Homo neanderthalensis could use speech or complex langua...

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Autores principales:	Ruggero D'Anastasio, Stephen Wroe, Claudio Tuniz, Lucia Mancini, Deneb T Cesana, Diego Dreossi, Mayoorendra Ravichandiran, Marie Attard, William C H Parr, Anne Agur, Luigi Capasso
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ccc985aa2ad947fd901940d87dba58a1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ccc985aa2ad947fd901940d87dba58a12021-11-18T08:41:24ZMicro-biomechanics of the Kebara 2 hyoid and its implications for speech in Neanderthals.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0082261https://doaj.org/article/ccc985aa2ad947fd901940d87dba58a12013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24367509/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The description of a Neanderthal hyoid from Kebara Cave (Israel) in 1989 fuelled scientific debate on the evolution of speech and complex language. Gross anatomy of the Kebara 2 hyoid differs little from that of modern humans. However, whether Homo neanderthalensis could use speech or complex language remains controversial. Similarity in overall shape does not necessarily demonstrate that the Kebara 2 hyoid was used in the same way as that of Homo sapiens. The mechanical performance of whole bones is partly controlled by internal trabecular geometries, regulated by bone-remodelling in response to the forces applied. Here we show that the Neanderthal and modern human hyoids also present very similar internal architectures and micro-biomechanical behaviours. Our study incorporates detailed analysis of histology, meticulous reconstruction of musculature, and computational biomechanical analysis with models incorporating internal micro-geometry. Because internal architecture reflects the loadings to which a bone is routinely subjected, our findings are consistent with a capacity for speech in the Neanderthals.Ruggero D'AnastasioStephen WroeClaudio TunizLucia ManciniDeneb T CesanaDiego DreossiMayoorendra RavichandiranMarie AttardWilliam C H ParrAnne AgurLuigi CapassoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 12, p e82261 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ruggero D'Anastasio Stephen Wroe Claudio Tuniz Lucia Mancini Deneb T Cesana Diego Dreossi Mayoorendra Ravichandiran Marie Attard William C H Parr Anne Agur Luigi Capasso Micro-biomechanics of the Kebara 2 hyoid and its implications for speech in Neanderthals.
description	The description of a Neanderthal hyoid from Kebara Cave (Israel) in 1989 fuelled scientific debate on the evolution of speech and complex language. Gross anatomy of the Kebara 2 hyoid differs little from that of modern humans. However, whether Homo neanderthalensis could use speech or complex language remains controversial. Similarity in overall shape does not necessarily demonstrate that the Kebara 2 hyoid was used in the same way as that of Homo sapiens. The mechanical performance of whole bones is partly controlled by internal trabecular geometries, regulated by bone-remodelling in response to the forces applied. Here we show that the Neanderthal and modern human hyoids also present very similar internal architectures and micro-biomechanical behaviours. Our study incorporates detailed analysis of histology, meticulous reconstruction of musculature, and computational biomechanical analysis with models incorporating internal micro-geometry. Because internal architecture reflects the loadings to which a bone is routinely subjected, our findings are consistent with a capacity for speech in the Neanderthals.
format	article
author	Ruggero D'Anastasio Stephen Wroe Claudio Tuniz Lucia Mancini Deneb T Cesana Diego Dreossi Mayoorendra Ravichandiran Marie Attard William C H Parr Anne Agur Luigi Capasso
author_facet	Ruggero D'Anastasio Stephen Wroe Claudio Tuniz Lucia Mancini Deneb T Cesana Diego Dreossi Mayoorendra Ravichandiran Marie Attard William C H Parr Anne Agur Luigi Capasso
author_sort	Ruggero D'Anastasio
title	Micro-biomechanics of the Kebara 2 hyoid and its implications for speech in Neanderthals.
title_short	Micro-biomechanics of the Kebara 2 hyoid and its implications for speech in Neanderthals.
title_full	Micro-biomechanics of the Kebara 2 hyoid and its implications for speech in Neanderthals.
title_fullStr	Micro-biomechanics of the Kebara 2 hyoid and its implications for speech in Neanderthals.
title_full_unstemmed	Micro-biomechanics of the Kebara 2 hyoid and its implications for speech in Neanderthals.
title_sort	micro-biomechanics of the kebara 2 hyoid and its implications for speech in neanderthals.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/ccc985aa2ad947fd901940d87dba58a1
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Micro-biomechanics of the Kebara 2 hyoid and its implications for speech in Neanderthals.

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