Viscosity is an important factor of resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants by pathogens present in mucus

Abstract Alcohol-based disinfectants play an important role in the prevention of healthcare-acquired infection (HAI). We investigated whether pathogens present in mucus acquire resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants, and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Both the resistance of influenza A viru...

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Autores principales:	Ryohei Hirose, Takaaki Nakaya, Yuji Naito, Tomo Daidoji, Yohei Watanabe, Hiroaki Yasuda, Hideyuki Konishi, Yoshito Itoh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ccce29c88f5b484298a97468894f37b1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ccce29c88f5b484298a97468894f37b12021-12-02T15:06:23ZViscosity is an important factor of resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants by pathogens present in mucus10.1038/s41598-017-13732-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ccce29c88f5b484298a97468894f37b12017-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13732-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Alcohol-based disinfectants play an important role in the prevention of healthcare-acquired infection (HAI). We investigated whether pathogens present in mucus acquire resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants, and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Both the resistance of influenza A virus and Escherichia coli to alcohol-based disinfectants or ultraviolet irradiation and the diffusion rate of ethanol were determined in artificial mucus or sputum samples obtained from 27 individuals with acute upper respiratory infection. Pathogens in mucus (artificial mucus or sputum samples) were not completely inactivated by alcohol-based disinfectants (survival rate >10%), suggesting that the alcohol-based disinfectants were ineffective. Pathogen survival and mucus viscosity were strongly correlated (correlation coefficient >0.7, P < 0.001). Additionally, the ethanol diffusion rate decreased with increasing mucus viscosity, which contributed to ethanol resistance. Pronase treatment of sputum samples significantly decreased sputum viscosity and increased the disinfectant effect (P < 0.001 for all). In contrast, complete inactivation was achieved by ultraviolet irradiation independently of mucus viscosity. Thus, mucus viscosity contributes to resistance of pathogens to alcohol-based disinfectants by decreasing the alcohol diffusion rate. These findings can provide a basis for developing new strategies, including improved disinfectants, for overcoming HAI.Ryohei HiroseTakaaki NakayaYuji NaitoTomo DaidojiYohei WatanabeHiroaki YasudaHideyuki KonishiYoshito ItohNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ryohei Hirose Takaaki Nakaya Yuji Naito Tomo Daidoji Yohei Watanabe Hiroaki Yasuda Hideyuki Konishi Yoshito Itoh Viscosity is an important factor of resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants by pathogens present in mucus
description	Abstract Alcohol-based disinfectants play an important role in the prevention of healthcare-acquired infection (HAI). We investigated whether pathogens present in mucus acquire resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants, and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Both the resistance of influenza A virus and Escherichia coli to alcohol-based disinfectants or ultraviolet irradiation and the diffusion rate of ethanol were determined in artificial mucus or sputum samples obtained from 27 individuals with acute upper respiratory infection. Pathogens in mucus (artificial mucus or sputum samples) were not completely inactivated by alcohol-based disinfectants (survival rate >10%), suggesting that the alcohol-based disinfectants were ineffective. Pathogen survival and mucus viscosity were strongly correlated (correlation coefficient >0.7, P < 0.001). Additionally, the ethanol diffusion rate decreased with increasing mucus viscosity, which contributed to ethanol resistance. Pronase treatment of sputum samples significantly decreased sputum viscosity and increased the disinfectant effect (P < 0.001 for all). In contrast, complete inactivation was achieved by ultraviolet irradiation independently of mucus viscosity. Thus, mucus viscosity contributes to resistance of pathogens to alcohol-based disinfectants by decreasing the alcohol diffusion rate. These findings can provide a basis for developing new strategies, including improved disinfectants, for overcoming HAI.
format	article
author	Ryohei Hirose Takaaki Nakaya Yuji Naito Tomo Daidoji Yohei Watanabe Hiroaki Yasuda Hideyuki Konishi Yoshito Itoh
author_facet	Ryohei Hirose Takaaki Nakaya Yuji Naito Tomo Daidoji Yohei Watanabe Hiroaki Yasuda Hideyuki Konishi Yoshito Itoh
author_sort	Ryohei Hirose
title	Viscosity is an important factor of resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants by pathogens present in mucus
title_short	Viscosity is an important factor of resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants by pathogens present in mucus
title_full	Viscosity is an important factor of resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants by pathogens present in mucus
title_fullStr	Viscosity is an important factor of resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants by pathogens present in mucus
title_full_unstemmed	Viscosity is an important factor of resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants by pathogens present in mucus
title_sort	viscosity is an important factor of resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants by pathogens present in mucus
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/ccce29c88f5b484298a97468894f37b1
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Viscosity is an important factor of resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants by pathogens present in mucus

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