Carvacrol exhibits rapid bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pyogenes through cell membrane damage

Abstract Streptococcus pyogenes is an important human pathogen worldwide. The identification of natural antibacterial phytochemicals has renewed interest due to the current scarcity of antibiotic development. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid found in herbs. We evaluated carvacrol alone and combined with...

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Autores principales:	Niluni M. Wijesundara, Song F. Lee, Zhenyu Cheng, Ross Davidson, H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cd082443a5264f24a2524aa2210ff2cb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cd082443a5264f24a2524aa2210ff2cb2021-12-02T14:12:40ZCarvacrol exhibits rapid bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pyogenes through cell membrane damage10.1038/s41598-020-79713-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/cd082443a5264f24a2524aa2210ff2cb2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79713-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Streptococcus pyogenes is an important human pathogen worldwide. The identification of natural antibacterial phytochemicals has renewed interest due to the current scarcity of antibiotic development. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid found in herbs. We evaluated carvacrol alone and combined with selected antibiotics against four strains of S. pyogenes in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of carvacrol against S. pyogenes were 125 µg/mL (0.53 mM) and 250 µg/mL (1.05 mM), respectively. Kill curve results showed that carvacrol exhibits instantaneous bactericidal activity against S. pyogenes. We also demonstrated the potential mechanism of action of carvacrol through compromising the cell membrane integrity. Carvacrol induced membrane integrity changes leading to leakage of cytoplasmic content such as lactate dehydrogenase enzymes and nucleic acids. We further confirmed dose-dependent rupturing of cells and cell deaths using transmission electron microscopy. The chequerboard assay results showed that carvacrol possesses an additive-synergistic effect with clindamycin or penicillin. Carvacrol alone, combined with clindamycin or penicillin, can be used as a safe and efficacious natural health product for managing streptococcal pharyngitis.Niluni M. WijesundaraSong F. LeeZhenyu ChengRoss DavidsonH. P. Vasantha RupasingheNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Niluni M. Wijesundara Song F. Lee Zhenyu Cheng Ross Davidson H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe Carvacrol exhibits rapid bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pyogenes through cell membrane damage
description	Abstract Streptococcus pyogenes is an important human pathogen worldwide. The identification of natural antibacterial phytochemicals has renewed interest due to the current scarcity of antibiotic development. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid found in herbs. We evaluated carvacrol alone and combined with selected antibiotics against four strains of S. pyogenes in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of carvacrol against S. pyogenes were 125 µg/mL (0.53 mM) and 250 µg/mL (1.05 mM), respectively. Kill curve results showed that carvacrol exhibits instantaneous bactericidal activity against S. pyogenes. We also demonstrated the potential mechanism of action of carvacrol through compromising the cell membrane integrity. Carvacrol induced membrane integrity changes leading to leakage of cytoplasmic content such as lactate dehydrogenase enzymes and nucleic acids. We further confirmed dose-dependent rupturing of cells and cell deaths using transmission electron microscopy. The chequerboard assay results showed that carvacrol possesses an additive-synergistic effect with clindamycin or penicillin. Carvacrol alone, combined with clindamycin or penicillin, can be used as a safe and efficacious natural health product for managing streptococcal pharyngitis.
format	article
author	Niluni M. Wijesundara Song F. Lee Zhenyu Cheng Ross Davidson H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
author_facet	Niluni M. Wijesundara Song F. Lee Zhenyu Cheng Ross Davidson H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
author_sort	Niluni M. Wijesundara
title	Carvacrol exhibits rapid bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pyogenes through cell membrane damage
title_short	Carvacrol exhibits rapid bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pyogenes through cell membrane damage
title_full	Carvacrol exhibits rapid bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pyogenes through cell membrane damage
title_fullStr	Carvacrol exhibits rapid bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pyogenes through cell membrane damage
title_full_unstemmed	Carvacrol exhibits rapid bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pyogenes through cell membrane damage
title_sort	carvacrol exhibits rapid bactericidal activity against streptococcus pyogenes through cell membrane damage
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cd082443a5264f24a2524aa2210ff2cb
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Carvacrol exhibits rapid bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pyogenes through cell membrane damage

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