Using Artificial Intelligence for High-Volume Identification of Silicosis and Tuberculosis: A Bio-Ethics Approach

Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being increasingly applied, considerable distrust about introducing “disruptive” technologies persists. Intrinsic and contextual factors influencing where and how such innovations are introduced therefore require careful scrutiny to ensure that health equity...

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Autores principales:	Jerry M. Spiegel, Rodney Ehrlich, Annalee Yassi, Francisco Riera, James Wilkinson, Karen Lockhart, Stephen Barker, Barry Kistnasamy
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2021
Materias:	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cd2d62742419404fb555215e8e75bfdb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cd2d62742419404fb555215e8e75bfdb2021-12-02T16:34:27ZUsing Artificial Intelligence for High-Volume Identification of Silicosis and Tuberculosis: A Bio-Ethics Approach2214-999610.5334/aogh.3206https://doaj.org/article/cd2d62742419404fb555215e8e75bfdb2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/3206https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being increasingly applied, considerable distrust about introducing “disruptive” technologies persists. Intrinsic and contextual factors influencing where and how such innovations are introduced therefore require careful scrutiny to ensure that health equity is promoted. To illustrate one such critical approach, we describe and appraise an AI application – the development of computer assisted diagnosis (CAD) to support more efficient adjudication of compensation claims from former gold miners with occupational lung disease in Southern Africa. In doing so, we apply a bio-ethical lens that considers the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice and add explicability as a core principle. We draw on the AI literature, our research on CAD validation and process efficiency, as well as apprehensions of users and stakeholders. Issues of concern included AI accuracy, biased training of AI systems, data privacy, impact on human skill development, transparency and accountability in AI use, as well as intellectual property ownership. We discuss ways in which each of these potential obstacles to successful use of CAD could be mitigated. We conclude that efforts to overcoming technical challenges in applying AI must be accompanied from the onset by attention to ensuring its ethical use.Jerry M. SpiegelRodney EhrlichAnnalee YassiFrancisco RieraJames WilkinsonKaren LockhartStephen BarkerBarry KistnasamyUbiquity PressarticleInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 87, Iss 1 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Jerry M. Spiegel Rodney Ehrlich Annalee Yassi Francisco Riera James Wilkinson Karen Lockhart Stephen Barker Barry Kistnasamy Using Artificial Intelligence for High-Volume Identification of Silicosis and Tuberculosis: A Bio-Ethics Approach
description	Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being increasingly applied, considerable distrust about introducing “disruptive” technologies persists. Intrinsic and contextual factors influencing where and how such innovations are introduced therefore require careful scrutiny to ensure that health equity is promoted. To illustrate one such critical approach, we describe and appraise an AI application – the development of computer assisted diagnosis (CAD) to support more efficient adjudication of compensation claims from former gold miners with occupational lung disease in Southern Africa. In doing so, we apply a bio-ethical lens that considers the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice and add explicability as a core principle. We draw on the AI literature, our research on CAD validation and process efficiency, as well as apprehensions of users and stakeholders. Issues of concern included AI accuracy, biased training of AI systems, data privacy, impact on human skill development, transparency and accountability in AI use, as well as intellectual property ownership. We discuss ways in which each of these potential obstacles to successful use of CAD could be mitigated. We conclude that efforts to overcoming technical challenges in applying AI must be accompanied from the onset by attention to ensuring its ethical use.
format	article
author	Jerry M. Spiegel Rodney Ehrlich Annalee Yassi Francisco Riera James Wilkinson Karen Lockhart Stephen Barker Barry Kistnasamy
author_facet	Jerry M. Spiegel Rodney Ehrlich Annalee Yassi Francisco Riera James Wilkinson Karen Lockhart Stephen Barker Barry Kistnasamy
author_sort	Jerry M. Spiegel
title	Using Artificial Intelligence for High-Volume Identification of Silicosis and Tuberculosis: A Bio-Ethics Approach
title_short	Using Artificial Intelligence for High-Volume Identification of Silicosis and Tuberculosis: A Bio-Ethics Approach
title_full	Using Artificial Intelligence for High-Volume Identification of Silicosis and Tuberculosis: A Bio-Ethics Approach
title_fullStr	Using Artificial Intelligence for High-Volume Identification of Silicosis and Tuberculosis: A Bio-Ethics Approach
title_full_unstemmed	Using Artificial Intelligence for High-Volume Identification of Silicosis and Tuberculosis: A Bio-Ethics Approach
title_sort	using artificial intelligence for high-volume identification of silicosis and tuberculosis: a bio-ethics approach
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cd2d62742419404fb555215e8e75bfdb
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Using Artificial Intelligence for High-Volume Identification of Silicosis and Tuberculosis: A Bio-Ethics Approach

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