Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation

Simple Kumar,1 Eunice Lazau,2 Carter Kim,2 Naresh N Thadhani,3 Mark R Prausnitz1 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; 2School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA; 3School of Mat...

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Autores principales:	Kumar S, Lazau E, Kim C, Thadhani NN, Prausnitz MR
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	drug delivery carbon black nanoparticle photoporation polymer cell viability Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cd321996e62042b384504e708cded357
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cd321996e62042b384504e708cded3572021-12-02T17:59:54ZSerum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/cd321996e62042b384504e708cded3572021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/serum-protects-cells-and-increases-intracellular-delivery-of-molecules-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Simple Kumar,1 Eunice Lazau,2 Carter Kim,2 Naresh N Thadhani,3 Mark R Prausnitz1 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; 2School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA; 3School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USACorrespondence: Mark R PrausnitzFord Environmental Science & Technology Building, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USATel +1 404 894-5135Fax +1 404 894-2291Email prausnitz@gatech.eduIntroduction: Intracellular delivery of molecules is central to applications in biotechnology, medicine, and basic research. Nanoparticle-mediated photoporation using carbon black nanoparticles exposed to pulsed, near-infrared laser irradiation offers a physical route to create transient cell membrane pores, enabling intracellular delivery. However, nanoparticle-mediated photoporation, like other physical intracellular delivery technologies, necessitates a trade-off between achieving efficient uptake of exogenous molecules and maintaining high cell viability.Methods: In this study, we sought to shift this balance by adding serum to cells during nanoparticle-mediated photoporation as a viability protectant. DU-145 prostate cancer cells and human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to laser irradiation in the presence of carbon black (CB) nanoparticles and other formulation additives, including fetal bovine serum (FBS) and polymers.Results: Our studies showed that FBS can protect cells from viability loss, even at high-fluence laser irradiation conditions that lead to high levels of intracellular delivery in two different mammalian cell types. Further studies revealed that full FBS was not needed: viability protection was achieved with denatured FBS, with just the high molecular weight fraction of FBS (> 30 kDa), or even with individual proteins like albumin or hemoglobin. Finally, we found that viability protection was also obtained using certain neutral water-soluble polymers, including Pluronic F127, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), and polyethylene glycol, which were more effective at increased concentration, molecular weight, or hydrophobicity.Conclusion: Altogether, these findings suggest an interaction between amphiphilic domains of polymers with the cell membrane to help cells maintain viability, possibly by facilitating transmembrane pore closure. In this way, serum components or synthetic polymers can be used to increase intracellular delivery by nanoparticle-mediated photoporation while maintaining high cell viability.Keywords: drug delivery, carbon black nanoparticle, photoporation, polymer, cell viabilityKumar SLazau EKim CThadhani NNPrausnitz MRDove Medical Pressarticledrug deliverycarbon black nanoparticlephotoporationpolymercell viabilityMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 16, Pp 3707-3724 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	drug delivery carbon black nanoparticle photoporation polymer cell viability Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	drug delivery carbon black nanoparticle photoporation polymer cell viability Medicine (General) R5-920 Kumar S Lazau E Kim C Thadhani NN Prausnitz MR Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation
description	Simple Kumar,1 Eunice Lazau,2 Carter Kim,2 Naresh N Thadhani,3 Mark R Prausnitz1 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; 2School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA; 3School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USACorrespondence: Mark R PrausnitzFord Environmental Science & Technology Building, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USATel +1 404 894-5135Fax +1 404 894-2291Email prausnitz@gatech.eduIntroduction: Intracellular delivery of molecules is central to applications in biotechnology, medicine, and basic research. Nanoparticle-mediated photoporation using carbon black nanoparticles exposed to pulsed, near-infrared laser irradiation offers a physical route to create transient cell membrane pores, enabling intracellular delivery. However, nanoparticle-mediated photoporation, like other physical intracellular delivery technologies, necessitates a trade-off between achieving efficient uptake of exogenous molecules and maintaining high cell viability.Methods: In this study, we sought to shift this balance by adding serum to cells during nanoparticle-mediated photoporation as a viability protectant. DU-145 prostate cancer cells and human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to laser irradiation in the presence of carbon black (CB) nanoparticles and other formulation additives, including fetal bovine serum (FBS) and polymers.Results: Our studies showed that FBS can protect cells from viability loss, even at high-fluence laser irradiation conditions that lead to high levels of intracellular delivery in two different mammalian cell types. Further studies revealed that full FBS was not needed: viability protection was achieved with denatured FBS, with just the high molecular weight fraction of FBS (> 30 kDa), or even with individual proteins like albumin or hemoglobin. Finally, we found that viability protection was also obtained using certain neutral water-soluble polymers, including Pluronic F127, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), and polyethylene glycol, which were more effective at increased concentration, molecular weight, or hydrophobicity.Conclusion: Altogether, these findings suggest an interaction between amphiphilic domains of polymers with the cell membrane to help cells maintain viability, possibly by facilitating transmembrane pore closure. In this way, serum components or synthetic polymers can be used to increase intracellular delivery by nanoparticle-mediated photoporation while maintaining high cell viability.Keywords: drug delivery, carbon black nanoparticle, photoporation, polymer, cell viability
format	article
author	Kumar S Lazau E Kim C Thadhani NN Prausnitz MR
author_facet	Kumar S Lazau E Kim C Thadhani NN Prausnitz MR
author_sort	Kumar S
title	Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation
title_short	Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation
title_full	Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation
title_fullStr	Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation
title_full_unstemmed	Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation
title_sort	serum protects cells and increases intracellular delivery of molecules by nanoparticle-mediated photoporation
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cd321996e62042b384504e708cded357
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Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation

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