The Spasmolytic, Bronchodilator, and Vasodilator Activities of <i>Parmotrema perlatum</i> Are Explained by Anti-Muscarinic and Calcium Antagonistic Mechanisms
<i>Parmotremaperlatum</i> is traditionally used in different areas of Pakistan to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and vascular diseases. This study evaluates the underlying mechanisms for traditional uses of <i>P. perlatum</i> in diarrhea, asthma, and hypertension. In vi...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/cd475e48af7749569d81700d4e81e84b |
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| Sumario: | <i>Parmotremaperlatum</i> is traditionally used in different areas of Pakistan to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and vascular diseases. This study evaluates the underlying mechanisms for traditional uses of <i>P. perlatum</i> in diarrhea, asthma, and hypertension. In vitro pharmacological studies were conducted using isolated jejunum, trachea, and aortic preparations, while the cytotoxic study was conducted in mice. Crude extract of <i>P. perlatum</i>(Pp.Cr), comprising appreciable quantities of alkaloids and flavonoids, relaxed spontaneously contracting jejunum preparation, K<sup>+</sup> (80 mM)-induced, and carbachol (1 µM)-induced jejunum contractions in a concentration-dependent manner similar to dicyclomine and dantrolene. Pp.Cr showed a rightward parallel shift of concentration-response curves (CRCs) of Cch after a non-parallel shift similarto dicyclomine and shifted CRCs of Ca<sup>+2</sup> to rightward much likeverapamil and dantrolene, demonstrating the coexistence of antimuscarinic and Ca<sup>+2</sup> antagonistic mechanism. Furthermore, Pp.Cr, dicyclomine, and dantrolene relaxed K<sup>+</sup> (80 mM)-induced and Cch (1 µM)-induced tracheal contractions and shifted rightward CRCs of Cch similar to dicyclomine, signifying the dual blockade. Additionally, Pp.Cr also relaxed the K<sup>+</sup> (80 mM)-induced and phenylephrine (1 µM)-induced aortic contraction, similarly to verapamil and dantrolene, suggesting Ca<sup>+2</sup> channel antagonism. Here, we explored for the first time thespasmolytic and bronchodilator effects of Pp.Crand whether they maybe due to the dual blockade of Ca<sup>+2</sup> channels and muscarinic receptors, while the vasodilator effect might be owing to Ca<sup>+2</sup> antagonism. Our results provide the pharmacological evidence that <i>P. perlatum</i> could be a new potential therapeutic option to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and vascular diseases. Hence, there is a need for further research to explore bioactive constituent of <i>P. perlatum</i> as well as further investigation by suitable experimental models are required to further confirm the importance and usefulness of <i>P. perlatum</i> in diarrhea, asthma, and hypertension treatment. |
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