The Spasmolytic, Bronchodilator, and Vasodilator Activities of Parmotrema perlatum Are Explained by Anti-Muscarinic and Calcium Antagonistic Mechanisms

Parmotremaperlatum is traditionally used in different areas of Pakistan to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and vascular diseases. This study evaluates the underlying mechanisms for traditional uses of P. perlatum in diarrhea, asthma, and hypertension. In vi...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Musaddique Hussain, Hazoor Bakhsh, Shahzada Khurram Syed, Malik Saad Ullah, Ali M. Alqahtani, Taha Alqahtani, Afaf A. Aldahish, Talha Bin Emran, Kashif Ur Rehman, Khalid Hussain Janbaz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	acute toxicity spasmolytic bronchodilator vasodilator Ca<sup>+2</sup> antagonist <i>Parmotremaperlatum</i> Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cd475e48af7749569d81700d4e81e84b
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:cd475e48af7749569d81700d4e81e84b
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cd475e48af7749569d81700d4e81e84b2021-11-11T18:22:46ZThe Spasmolytic, Bronchodilator, and Vasodilator Activities of <i>Parmotrema perlatum</i> Are Explained by Anti-Muscarinic and Calcium Antagonistic Mechanisms10.3390/molecules262163481420-3049https://doaj.org/article/cd475e48af7749569d81700d4e81e84b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6348https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049<i>Parmotremaperlatum</i> is traditionally used in different areas of Pakistan to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and vascular diseases. This study evaluates the underlying mechanisms for traditional uses of <i>P. perlatum</i> in diarrhea, asthma, and hypertension. In vitro pharmacological studies were conducted using isolated jejunum, trachea, and aortic preparations, while the cytotoxic study was conducted in mice. Crude extract of <i>P. perlatum</i>(Pp.Cr), comprising appreciable quantities of alkaloids and flavonoids, relaxed spontaneously contracting jejunum preparation, K<sup>+</sup> (80 mM)-induced, and carbachol (1 µM)-induced jejunum contractions in a concentration-dependent manner similar to dicyclomine and dantrolene. Pp.Cr showed a rightward parallel shift of concentration-response curves (CRCs) of Cch after a non-parallel shift similarto dicyclomine and shifted CRCs of Ca<sup>+2</sup> to rightward much likeverapamil and dantrolene, demonstrating the coexistence of antimuscarinic and Ca<sup>+2</sup> antagonistic mechanism. Furthermore, Pp.Cr, dicyclomine, and dantrolene relaxed K<sup>+</sup> (80 mM)-induced and Cch (1 µM)-induced tracheal contractions and shifted rightward CRCs of Cch similar to dicyclomine, signifying the dual blockade. Additionally, Pp.Cr also relaxed the K<sup>+</sup> (80 mM)-induced and phenylephrine (1 µM)-induced aortic contraction, similarly to verapamil and dantrolene, suggesting Ca<sup>+2</sup> channel antagonism. Here, we explored for the first time thespasmolytic and bronchodilator effects of Pp.Crand whether they maybe due to the dual blockade of Ca<sup>+2</sup> channels and muscarinic receptors, while the vasodilator effect might be owing to Ca<sup>+2</sup> antagonism. Our results provide the pharmacological evidence that <i>P. perlatum</i> could be a new potential therapeutic option to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and vascular diseases. Hence, there is a need for further research to explore bioactive constituent of <i>P. perlatum</i> as well as further investigation by suitable experimental models are required to further confirm the importance and usefulness of <i>P. perlatum</i> in diarrhea, asthma, and hypertension treatment.Musaddique HussainHazoor BakhshShahzada Khurram SyedMalik Saad UllahAli M. AlqahtaniTaha AlqahtaniAfaf A. AldahishTalha Bin EmranKashif Ur RehmanKhalid Hussain JanbazMDPI AGarticleacute toxicityspasmolyticbronchodilatorvasodilatorCa<sup>+2</sup> antagonist<i>Parmotremaperlatum</i>Organic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6348, p 6348 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	acute toxicity spasmolytic bronchodilator vasodilator Ca<sup>+2</sup> antagonist <i>Parmotremaperlatum</i> Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	acute toxicity spasmolytic bronchodilator vasodilator Ca<sup>+2</sup> antagonist <i>Parmotremaperlatum</i> Organic chemistry QD241-441 Musaddique Hussain Hazoor Bakhsh Shahzada Khurram Syed Malik Saad Ullah Ali M. Alqahtani Taha Alqahtani Afaf A. Aldahish Talha Bin Emran Kashif Ur Rehman Khalid Hussain Janbaz The Spasmolytic, Bronchodilator, and Vasodilator Activities of <i>Parmotrema perlatum</i> Are Explained by Anti-Muscarinic and Calcium Antagonistic Mechanisms
description	<i>Parmotremaperlatum</i> is traditionally used in different areas of Pakistan to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and vascular diseases. This study evaluates the underlying mechanisms for traditional uses of <i>P. perlatum</i> in diarrhea, asthma, and hypertension. In vitro pharmacological studies were conducted using isolated jejunum, trachea, and aortic preparations, while the cytotoxic study was conducted in mice. Crude extract of <i>P. perlatum</i>(Pp.Cr), comprising appreciable quantities of alkaloids and flavonoids, relaxed spontaneously contracting jejunum preparation, K<sup>+</sup> (80 mM)-induced, and carbachol (1 µM)-induced jejunum contractions in a concentration-dependent manner similar to dicyclomine and dantrolene. Pp.Cr showed a rightward parallel shift of concentration-response curves (CRCs) of Cch after a non-parallel shift similarto dicyclomine and shifted CRCs of Ca<sup>+2</sup> to rightward much likeverapamil and dantrolene, demonstrating the coexistence of antimuscarinic and Ca<sup>+2</sup> antagonistic mechanism. Furthermore, Pp.Cr, dicyclomine, and dantrolene relaxed K<sup>+</sup> (80 mM)-induced and Cch (1 µM)-induced tracheal contractions and shifted rightward CRCs of Cch similar to dicyclomine, signifying the dual blockade. Additionally, Pp.Cr also relaxed the K<sup>+</sup> (80 mM)-induced and phenylephrine (1 µM)-induced aortic contraction, similarly to verapamil and dantrolene, suggesting Ca<sup>+2</sup> channel antagonism. Here, we explored for the first time thespasmolytic and bronchodilator effects of Pp.Crand whether they maybe due to the dual blockade of Ca<sup>+2</sup> channels and muscarinic receptors, while the vasodilator effect might be owing to Ca<sup>+2</sup> antagonism. Our results provide the pharmacological evidence that <i>P. perlatum</i> could be a new potential therapeutic option to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, and vascular diseases. Hence, there is a need for further research to explore bioactive constituent of <i>P. perlatum</i> as well as further investigation by suitable experimental models are required to further confirm the importance and usefulness of <i>P. perlatum</i> in diarrhea, asthma, and hypertension treatment.
format	article
author	Musaddique Hussain Hazoor Bakhsh Shahzada Khurram Syed Malik Saad Ullah Ali M. Alqahtani Taha Alqahtani Afaf A. Aldahish Talha Bin Emran Kashif Ur Rehman Khalid Hussain Janbaz
author_facet	Musaddique Hussain Hazoor Bakhsh Shahzada Khurram Syed Malik Saad Ullah Ali M. Alqahtani Taha Alqahtani Afaf A. Aldahish Talha Bin Emran Kashif Ur Rehman Khalid Hussain Janbaz
author_sort	Musaddique Hussain
title	The Spasmolytic, Bronchodilator, and Vasodilator Activities of <i>Parmotrema perlatum</i> Are Explained by Anti-Muscarinic and Calcium Antagonistic Mechanisms
title_short	The Spasmolytic, Bronchodilator, and Vasodilator Activities of <i>Parmotrema perlatum</i> Are Explained by Anti-Muscarinic and Calcium Antagonistic Mechanisms
title_full	The Spasmolytic, Bronchodilator, and Vasodilator Activities of <i>Parmotrema perlatum</i> Are Explained by Anti-Muscarinic and Calcium Antagonistic Mechanisms
title_fullStr	The Spasmolytic, Bronchodilator, and Vasodilator Activities of <i>Parmotrema perlatum</i> Are Explained by Anti-Muscarinic and Calcium Antagonistic Mechanisms
title_full_unstemmed	The Spasmolytic, Bronchodilator, and Vasodilator Activities of <i>Parmotrema perlatum</i> Are Explained by Anti-Muscarinic and Calcium Antagonistic Mechanisms
title_sort	spasmolytic, bronchodilator, and vasodilator activities of <i>parmotrema perlatum</i> are explained by anti-muscarinic and calcium antagonistic mechanisms
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cd475e48af7749569d81700d4e81e84b
work_keys_str_mv	AT musaddiquehussain thespasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT hazoorbakhsh thespasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT shahzadakhurramsyed thespasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT maliksaadullah thespasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT alimalqahtani thespasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT tahaalqahtani thespasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT afafaaldahish thespasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT talhabinemran thespasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT kashifurrehman thespasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT khalidhussainjanbaz thespasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT musaddiquehussain spasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT hazoorbakhsh spasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT shahzadakhurramsyed spasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT maliksaadullah spasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT alimalqahtani spasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT tahaalqahtani spasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT afafaaldahish spasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT talhabinemran spasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT kashifurrehman spasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms AT khalidhussainjanbaz spasmolyticbronchodilatorandvasodilatoractivitiesofiparmotremaperlatumiareexplainedbyantimuscarinicandcalciumantagonisticmechanisms
_version_	1718431850870865920

The Spasmolytic, Bronchodilator, and Vasodilator Activities of <i>Parmotrema perlatum</i> Are Explained by Anti-Muscarinic and Calcium Antagonistic Mechanisms

Ejemplares similares