Novel Biomarkers Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Infection in Febrile Children: Future Perspectives for Management in Clinical Praxis

Differentiating viral from bacterial infections in febrile children is challenging and often leads to an unnecessary use of antibiotics. There is a great need for more accurate diagnostic tools. New molecular methods have improved the particular diagnostics of viral respiratory tract infections, but...

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Autores principales:	Samuel Rhedin, Kristina Elfving, Anna Berggren
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	biomarkers pediatric infectious diseases Pediatrics RJ1-570
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cd5da1c44ed2428fb29c04eed8687dd0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cd5da1c44ed2428fb29c04eed8687dd02021-11-25T17:15:06ZNovel Biomarkers Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Infection in Febrile Children: Future Perspectives for Management in Clinical Praxis10.3390/children81110702227-9067https://doaj.org/article/cd5da1c44ed2428fb29c04eed8687dd02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/8/11/1070https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9067Differentiating viral from bacterial infections in febrile children is challenging and often leads to an unnecessary use of antibiotics. There is a great need for more accurate diagnostic tools. New molecular methods have improved the particular diagnostics of viral respiratory tract infections, but defining etiology can still be challenging, as certain viruses are frequently detected in asymptomatic children. For the detection of bacterial infections, time consuming cultures with limited sensitivity are still the gold standard. As a response to infection, the immune system elicits a cascade of events, which aims to eliminate the invading pathogen. Recent studies have focused on these host–pathogen interactions to identify pathogen-specific biomarkers (gene expression profiles), or “pathogen signatures”, as potential future diagnostic tools. Other studies have assessed combinations of traditional bacterial and viral biomarkers (C-reactive protein, interleukins, myxovirus resistance protein A, procalcitonin, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) to establish etiology. In this review we discuss the performance of such novel diagnostics and their potential role in clinical praxis. In conclusion, there are several promising novel biomarkers in the pipeline, but well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the safety of using these novel biomarkers to guide clinical decisions.Samuel RhedinKristina ElfvingAnna BerggrenMDPI AGarticlebiomarkerspediatric infectious diseasesPediatricsRJ1-570ENChildren, Vol 8, Iss 1070, p 1070 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biomarkers pediatric infectious diseases Pediatrics RJ1-570
spellingShingle	biomarkers pediatric infectious diseases Pediatrics RJ1-570 Samuel Rhedin Kristina Elfving Anna Berggren Novel Biomarkers Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Infection in Febrile Children: Future Perspectives for Management in Clinical Praxis
description	Differentiating viral from bacterial infections in febrile children is challenging and often leads to an unnecessary use of antibiotics. There is a great need for more accurate diagnostic tools. New molecular methods have improved the particular diagnostics of viral respiratory tract infections, but defining etiology can still be challenging, as certain viruses are frequently detected in asymptomatic children. For the detection of bacterial infections, time consuming cultures with limited sensitivity are still the gold standard. As a response to infection, the immune system elicits a cascade of events, which aims to eliminate the invading pathogen. Recent studies have focused on these host–pathogen interactions to identify pathogen-specific biomarkers (gene expression profiles), or “pathogen signatures”, as potential future diagnostic tools. Other studies have assessed combinations of traditional bacterial and viral biomarkers (C-reactive protein, interleukins, myxovirus resistance protein A, procalcitonin, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) to establish etiology. In this review we discuss the performance of such novel diagnostics and their potential role in clinical praxis. In conclusion, there are several promising novel biomarkers in the pipeline, but well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the safety of using these novel biomarkers to guide clinical decisions.
format	article
author	Samuel Rhedin Kristina Elfving Anna Berggren
author_facet	Samuel Rhedin Kristina Elfving Anna Berggren
author_sort	Samuel Rhedin
title	Novel Biomarkers Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Infection in Febrile Children: Future Perspectives for Management in Clinical Praxis
title_short	Novel Biomarkers Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Infection in Febrile Children: Future Perspectives for Management in Clinical Praxis
title_full	Novel Biomarkers Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Infection in Febrile Children: Future Perspectives for Management in Clinical Praxis
title_fullStr	Novel Biomarkers Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Infection in Febrile Children: Future Perspectives for Management in Clinical Praxis
title_full_unstemmed	Novel Biomarkers Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Infection in Febrile Children: Future Perspectives for Management in Clinical Praxis
title_sort	novel biomarkers differentiating viral from bacterial infection in febrile children: future perspectives for management in clinical praxis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cd5da1c44ed2428fb29c04eed8687dd0
work_keys_str_mv	AT samuelrhedin novelbiomarkersdifferentiatingviralfrombacterialinfectioninfebrilechildrenfutureperspectivesformanagementinclinicalpraxis AT kristinaelfving novelbiomarkersdifferentiatingviralfrombacterialinfectioninfebrilechildrenfutureperspectivesformanagementinclinicalpraxis AT annaberggren novelbiomarkersdifferentiatingviralfrombacterialinfectioninfebrilechildrenfutureperspectivesformanagementinclinicalpraxis
_version_	1718412618588225536

Novel Biomarkers Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Infection in Febrile Children: Future Perspectives for Management in Clinical Praxis

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