Towards an evolutionary understanding of questing behaviour in the tick Ixodes ricinus.

The tick Ixodes ricinus finds its hosts by climbing vegetation and adopting a sit-and-wait tactic. This "questing" behaviour is known to be temperature-dependent, such that questing increases with temperature up to a point where the vapor pressure deficit (drying effect) forces ticks down...

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Autores principales:	Joseph L Tomkins, Jennifer Aungier, Wade Hazel, Lucy Gilbert
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cd678356872444d2977e015be9f5c044
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cd678356872444d2977e015be9f5c0442021-11-25T05:56:27ZTowards an evolutionary understanding of questing behaviour in the tick Ixodes ricinus.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0110028https://doaj.org/article/cd678356872444d2977e015be9f5c0442014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110028https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The tick Ixodes ricinus finds its hosts by climbing vegetation and adopting a sit-and-wait tactic. This "questing" behaviour is known to be temperature-dependent, such that questing increases with temperature up to a point where the vapor pressure deficit (drying effect) forces ticks down to rehydrate in the soil or mat layer. Little if any attention has been paid to understanding the questing of ticks from an evolutionary perspective. Here we ask whether populations from colder climatic conditions respond differently in terms of the threshold temperature for questing and the rate of response to a fixed temperature. We find significant variation between populations in the temperature sensitivity of questing, with populations from cooler climates starting questing at lower temperatures than populations from warmer temperatures. Cool climate populations also quest sooner when the temperature is held constant. These patterns are consistent with local adaptation to temperature either through direct selection or acclimation and challenge the use of fixed thresholds for questing in modeling the spread of tick populations. Our results also show how both time and temperature play a role in questing, but we are unable to explain the relationship in terms of degree-time used to model Arthropod development. We find that questing in response to temperature fits well with a quantitative genetic model of the conditional strategy, which reveals how selection on questing may operate and hence may be of value in understanding the evolutionary ecology of questing.Joseph L TomkinsJennifer AungierWade HazelLucy GilbertPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 10, p e110028 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Joseph L Tomkins Jennifer Aungier Wade Hazel Lucy Gilbert Towards an evolutionary understanding of questing behaviour in the tick Ixodes ricinus.
description	The tick Ixodes ricinus finds its hosts by climbing vegetation and adopting a sit-and-wait tactic. This "questing" behaviour is known to be temperature-dependent, such that questing increases with temperature up to a point where the vapor pressure deficit (drying effect) forces ticks down to rehydrate in the soil or mat layer. Little if any attention has been paid to understanding the questing of ticks from an evolutionary perspective. Here we ask whether populations from colder climatic conditions respond differently in terms of the threshold temperature for questing and the rate of response to a fixed temperature. We find significant variation between populations in the temperature sensitivity of questing, with populations from cooler climates starting questing at lower temperatures than populations from warmer temperatures. Cool climate populations also quest sooner when the temperature is held constant. These patterns are consistent with local adaptation to temperature either through direct selection or acclimation and challenge the use of fixed thresholds for questing in modeling the spread of tick populations. Our results also show how both time and temperature play a role in questing, but we are unable to explain the relationship in terms of degree-time used to model Arthropod development. We find that questing in response to temperature fits well with a quantitative genetic model of the conditional strategy, which reveals how selection on questing may operate and hence may be of value in understanding the evolutionary ecology of questing.
format	article
author	Joseph L Tomkins Jennifer Aungier Wade Hazel Lucy Gilbert
author_facet	Joseph L Tomkins Jennifer Aungier Wade Hazel Lucy Gilbert
author_sort	Joseph L Tomkins
title	Towards an evolutionary understanding of questing behaviour in the tick Ixodes ricinus.
title_short	Towards an evolutionary understanding of questing behaviour in the tick Ixodes ricinus.
title_full	Towards an evolutionary understanding of questing behaviour in the tick Ixodes ricinus.
title_fullStr	Towards an evolutionary understanding of questing behaviour in the tick Ixodes ricinus.
title_full_unstemmed	Towards an evolutionary understanding of questing behaviour in the tick Ixodes ricinus.
title_sort	towards an evolutionary understanding of questing behaviour in the tick ixodes ricinus.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/cd678356872444d2977e015be9f5c044
work_keys_str_mv	AT josephltomkins towardsanevolutionaryunderstandingofquestingbehaviourinthetickixodesricinus AT jenniferaungier towardsanevolutionaryunderstandingofquestingbehaviourinthetickixodesricinus AT wadehazel towardsanevolutionaryunderstandingofquestingbehaviourinthetickixodesricinus AT lucygilbert towardsanevolutionaryunderstandingofquestingbehaviourinthetickixodesricinus
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Towards an evolutionary understanding of questing behaviour in the tick Ixodes ricinus.

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