Occurrence and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Surface Microlayer of an Industrialized Coastal Area in the Eastern Mediterranean

Concentrations of dissolved and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined seasonally in sea surface microlayer (SML) and sub-surface water (SSW) within the Saronicos Gulf, Greece, close to a highly industrialized coastal zone. For the 16 US EPA priority PAHs, the sum of dis...

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Autores principales:	Aikaterini Sakellari, Sotirios Karavoltsos, Ipek Moutafis, Konstantinos Koukoulakis, Manos Dassenakis, Evangelos Bakeas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sea surface microlayer subsurface water enrichment industrialized coastal area Eastern Mediterranean Sea Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cd799462a31340c88d90c97829112422
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cd799462a31340c88d90c978291124222021-11-25T19:15:03ZOccurrence and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Surface Microlayer of an Industrialized Coastal Area in the Eastern Mediterranean10.3390/w132231742073-4441https://doaj.org/article/cd799462a31340c88d90c978291124222021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3174https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Concentrations of dissolved and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined seasonally in sea surface microlayer (SML) and sub-surface water (SSW) within the Saronicos Gulf, Greece, close to a highly industrialized coastal zone. For the 16 US EPA priority PAHs, the sum of dissolved PAHs (∑<sub>d</sub>PAHs) concentrations ranged from 40.4 to 237 ng L<sup>−1</sup> in SML, 22.8–180 ng L<sup>−1</sup> in SSW<sub>0.2</sub>, whereas the corresponding concentrations in suspended particulate matter (∑<sub>p</sub>PAHs) were 30.8 to 177 ng L<sup>−1</sup> and 36.8–171 ng L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The enrichment factor (EF) for dissolved ∑<sub>d</sub>PAHs varied from 0.9 to 2.1 with a mean value of 1.5 (<i>n</i> = 10) being statistically significantly greater than unity, whereas for particulate ∑<sub>p</sub>PAHs, no enrichment of the SML was reported. Enrichment factors of 5–6 ring PAHs were higher near the industrial zone. The possible sources, fate, and toxicity of PAHs are also discussed.Aikaterini SakellariSotirios KaravoltsosIpek MoutafisKonstantinos KoukoulakisManos DassenakisEvangelos BakeasMDPI AGarticlepolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonssea surface microlayersubsurface waterenrichmentindustrialized coastal areaEastern Mediterranean SeaHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3174, p 3174 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sea surface microlayer subsurface water enrichment industrialized coastal area Eastern Mediterranean Sea Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons sea surface microlayer subsurface water enrichment industrialized coastal area Eastern Mediterranean Sea Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Aikaterini Sakellari Sotirios Karavoltsos Ipek Moutafis Konstantinos Koukoulakis Manos Dassenakis Evangelos Bakeas Occurrence and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Surface Microlayer of an Industrialized Coastal Area in the Eastern Mediterranean
description	Concentrations of dissolved and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined seasonally in sea surface microlayer (SML) and sub-surface water (SSW) within the Saronicos Gulf, Greece, close to a highly industrialized coastal zone. For the 16 US EPA priority PAHs, the sum of dissolved PAHs (∑<sub>d</sub>PAHs) concentrations ranged from 40.4 to 237 ng L<sup>−1</sup> in SML, 22.8–180 ng L<sup>−1</sup> in SSW<sub>0.2</sub>, whereas the corresponding concentrations in suspended particulate matter (∑<sub>p</sub>PAHs) were 30.8 to 177 ng L<sup>−1</sup> and 36.8–171 ng L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The enrichment factor (EF) for dissolved ∑<sub>d</sub>PAHs varied from 0.9 to 2.1 with a mean value of 1.5 (<i>n</i> = 10) being statistically significantly greater than unity, whereas for particulate ∑<sub>p</sub>PAHs, no enrichment of the SML was reported. Enrichment factors of 5–6 ring PAHs were higher near the industrial zone. The possible sources, fate, and toxicity of PAHs are also discussed.
format	article
author	Aikaterini Sakellari Sotirios Karavoltsos Ipek Moutafis Konstantinos Koukoulakis Manos Dassenakis Evangelos Bakeas
author_facet	Aikaterini Sakellari Sotirios Karavoltsos Ipek Moutafis Konstantinos Koukoulakis Manos Dassenakis Evangelos Bakeas
author_sort	Aikaterini Sakellari
title	Occurrence and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Surface Microlayer of an Industrialized Coastal Area in the Eastern Mediterranean
title_short	Occurrence and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Surface Microlayer of an Industrialized Coastal Area in the Eastern Mediterranean
title_full	Occurrence and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Surface Microlayer of an Industrialized Coastal Area in the Eastern Mediterranean
title_fullStr	Occurrence and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Surface Microlayer of an Industrialized Coastal Area in the Eastern Mediterranean
title_full_unstemmed	Occurrence and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Surface Microlayer of an Industrialized Coastal Area in the Eastern Mediterranean
title_sort	occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the marine surface microlayer of an industrialized coastal area in the eastern mediterranean
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cd799462a31340c88d90c97829112422
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Occurrence and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Surface Microlayer of an Industrialized Coastal Area in the Eastern Mediterranean

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