Quantifying Cereal Productivity on Sandy Soil in Response to Some Soil-Improving Cropping Systems

Little information is available on the effect of soil-improving cropping systems (SICS) on crop productivity on low fertility sandy soils although they are increasingly being used in agriculture in many regions of the world due to the growing demand for food. The study aimed at quantifying the effec...

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Autores principales:	Jerzy Lipiec, Bogusław Usowicz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	soil improving practices crop response weather conditions Podzol soil Bland–Altman statistics Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cd85da459bf449a69cec3670831d1fca
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cd85da459bf449a69cec3670831d1fca2021-11-25T18:09:37ZQuantifying Cereal Productivity on Sandy Soil in Response to Some Soil-Improving Cropping Systems10.3390/land101111992073-445Xhttps://doaj.org/article/cd85da459bf449a69cec3670831d1fca2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/11/1199https://doaj.org/toc/2073-445XLittle information is available on the effect of soil-improving cropping systems (SICS) on crop productivity on low fertility sandy soils although they are increasingly being used in agriculture in many regions of the world due to the growing demand for food. The study aimed at quantifying the effect of four soil-improving cropping systems applied on sandy soil on cereal productivity (yield of grain and straw and plant height) in a 4-year field experiment conducted in Poland with spring cereal crops: oat (2017), wheat (2018), wheat (2019), and oat (2020). The experiment included the control (C) and the following SICS: liming (L), leguminous catch crops for green manure (LU), farmyard manure (M), and farmyard manure + liming + leguminous catch crops for green manure together (M + L + LU). To quantify the effect of the SICS, classic statistics and the Bland–Altman method were used. It was shown that all yield trait components significantly increased in the last study year (2020) under SICS with M and M + L + LU. All yield trait components were significantly lower in the dry years (2018–2019) than in the wet years (2017 and 2020). The relatively large rainfall quantity in May during intensive growth at shooting and the scarce precipitation during later growth in the dry year 2019 resulted in a significantly greater straw yield compared to the other dry year 2018. The values of Bland–Altman bias (mean difference between the particular SICS and the control) varied (in kg m<sup>−2</sup>) from −0.002 for LU in 2019 to 0.128 for M and 0.132 for M + L + LU in 2020. The highest limits of agreement (LoA) were in general noted for all yield trait components (the least even yield) in the most productive SICS including M and M + L + LU in the wet year 2020. The Bland–Altman ratio (BAR) values indicate that quantification of the effects of all soil-improving practices was most uncertain in the dry year 2018 for the grain yield and in the wet year 2020 for the straw yield and much less uncertain for the plant height in all SICS and study years. The results of this study provide helpful information about the effect of the SICS on the different yield trait components depending on the period of their application and weather conditions prevailing during the growing season.Jerzy LipiecBogusław UsowiczMDPI AGarticlesoil improving practicescrop responseweather conditionsPodzol soilBland–Altman statisticsAgricultureSENLand, Vol 10, Iss 1199, p 1199 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	soil improving practices crop response weather conditions Podzol soil Bland–Altman statistics Agriculture S
spellingShingle	soil improving practices crop response weather conditions Podzol soil Bland–Altman statistics Agriculture S Jerzy Lipiec Bogusław Usowicz Quantifying Cereal Productivity on Sandy Soil in Response to Some Soil-Improving Cropping Systems
description	Little information is available on the effect of soil-improving cropping systems (SICS) on crop productivity on low fertility sandy soils although they are increasingly being used in agriculture in many regions of the world due to the growing demand for food. The study aimed at quantifying the effect of four soil-improving cropping systems applied on sandy soil on cereal productivity (yield of grain and straw and plant height) in a 4-year field experiment conducted in Poland with spring cereal crops: oat (2017), wheat (2018), wheat (2019), and oat (2020). The experiment included the control (C) and the following SICS: liming (L), leguminous catch crops for green manure (LU), farmyard manure (M), and farmyard manure + liming + leguminous catch crops for green manure together (M + L + LU). To quantify the effect of the SICS, classic statistics and the Bland–Altman method were used. It was shown that all yield trait components significantly increased in the last study year (2020) under SICS with M and M + L + LU. All yield trait components were significantly lower in the dry years (2018–2019) than in the wet years (2017 and 2020). The relatively large rainfall quantity in May during intensive growth at shooting and the scarce precipitation during later growth in the dry year 2019 resulted in a significantly greater straw yield compared to the other dry year 2018. The values of Bland–Altman bias (mean difference between the particular SICS and the control) varied (in kg m<sup>−2</sup>) from −0.002 for LU in 2019 to 0.128 for M and 0.132 for M + L + LU in 2020. The highest limits of agreement (LoA) were in general noted for all yield trait components (the least even yield) in the most productive SICS including M and M + L + LU in the wet year 2020. The Bland–Altman ratio (BAR) values indicate that quantification of the effects of all soil-improving practices was most uncertain in the dry year 2018 for the grain yield and in the wet year 2020 for the straw yield and much less uncertain for the plant height in all SICS and study years. The results of this study provide helpful information about the effect of the SICS on the different yield trait components depending on the period of their application and weather conditions prevailing during the growing season.
format	article
author	Jerzy Lipiec Bogusław Usowicz
author_facet	Jerzy Lipiec Bogusław Usowicz
author_sort	Jerzy Lipiec
title	Quantifying Cereal Productivity on Sandy Soil in Response to Some Soil-Improving Cropping Systems
title_short	Quantifying Cereal Productivity on Sandy Soil in Response to Some Soil-Improving Cropping Systems
title_full	Quantifying Cereal Productivity on Sandy Soil in Response to Some Soil-Improving Cropping Systems
title_fullStr	Quantifying Cereal Productivity on Sandy Soil in Response to Some Soil-Improving Cropping Systems
title_full_unstemmed	Quantifying Cereal Productivity on Sandy Soil in Response to Some Soil-Improving Cropping Systems
title_sort	quantifying cereal productivity on sandy soil in response to some soil-improving cropping systems
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cd85da459bf449a69cec3670831d1fca
work_keys_str_mv	AT jerzylipiec quantifyingcerealproductivityonsandysoilinresponsetosomesoilimprovingcroppingsystems AT bogusławusowicz quantifyingcerealproductivityonsandysoilinresponsetosomesoilimprovingcroppingsystems
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Quantifying Cereal Productivity on Sandy Soil in Response to Some Soil-Improving Cropping Systems

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