Propionic acid produced by Cutibacterium acnes fermentation ameliorates ultraviolet B-induced melanin synthesis

Abstract Ultraviolet irradiation induces melanin accumulation, which can be reduced by the use of chemical whitening products. However, the associated safety concerns of such products have prompted the search for natural and harmless alternatives. This study aimed to identify a natural acidic formul...

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Autores principales:	Hsin-Jou Kao, Yan-Han Wang, Sunita Keshari, John Jackson Yang, Shinta Simbolon, Chun-Chuan Chen, Chun-Ming Huang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cda62467103c46b79dbc2d9aaa74f698
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cda62467103c46b79dbc2d9aaa74f6982021-12-02T17:52:12ZPropionic acid produced by Cutibacterium acnes fermentation ameliorates ultraviolet B-induced melanin synthesis10.1038/s41598-021-91386-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/cda62467103c46b79dbc2d9aaa74f6982021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91386-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Ultraviolet irradiation induces melanin accumulation, which can be reduced by the use of chemical whitening products. However, the associated safety concerns of such products have prompted the search for natural and harmless alternatives. This study aimed to identify a natural acidic formulation to reduce skin pigmentation. The metabolite propionic acid (CH3CH2COOH, PA) was the most abundant fatty acid in the filtrate from Pluronic F68 (PF68) fermentation of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) and reduced the DOPA-positive melanocytes by significantly inhibiting cellular tyrosinase activity via binding to the free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2). Moreover, 4 mM PA treatment did not alter melanocyte proliferation, indicating that it is an effective solution for hyperpigmentation, causing no cellular damage. The reduced DOPA-positive melanocytes and tyrosinase activity were also observed in mice ear skin tissue injected with a mixture of C. acnes and PF68, supporting that the inhibition of melanogenesis is likely to be mediated through fermentation metabolites from C. acnes fermentation using PF68 as a carbon source. Additionally, PA did not affect the growth of its parent bacteria C. acnes, hence is a potent fermentation metabolite that does not disrupt the balance of the skin microbiome.Hsin-Jou KaoYan-Han WangSunita KeshariJohn Jackson YangShinta SimbolonChun-Chuan ChenChun-Ming HuangNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hsin-Jou Kao Yan-Han Wang Sunita Keshari John Jackson Yang Shinta Simbolon Chun-Chuan Chen Chun-Ming Huang Propionic acid produced by Cutibacterium acnes fermentation ameliorates ultraviolet B-induced melanin synthesis
description	Abstract Ultraviolet irradiation induces melanin accumulation, which can be reduced by the use of chemical whitening products. However, the associated safety concerns of such products have prompted the search for natural and harmless alternatives. This study aimed to identify a natural acidic formulation to reduce skin pigmentation. The metabolite propionic acid (CH3CH2COOH, PA) was the most abundant fatty acid in the filtrate from Pluronic F68 (PF68) fermentation of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) and reduced the DOPA-positive melanocytes by significantly inhibiting cellular tyrosinase activity via binding to the free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2). Moreover, 4 mM PA treatment did not alter melanocyte proliferation, indicating that it is an effective solution for hyperpigmentation, causing no cellular damage. The reduced DOPA-positive melanocytes and tyrosinase activity were also observed in mice ear skin tissue injected with a mixture of C. acnes and PF68, supporting that the inhibition of melanogenesis is likely to be mediated through fermentation metabolites from C. acnes fermentation using PF68 as a carbon source. Additionally, PA did not affect the growth of its parent bacteria C. acnes, hence is a potent fermentation metabolite that does not disrupt the balance of the skin microbiome.
format	article
author	Hsin-Jou Kao Yan-Han Wang Sunita Keshari John Jackson Yang Shinta Simbolon Chun-Chuan Chen Chun-Ming Huang
author_facet	Hsin-Jou Kao Yan-Han Wang Sunita Keshari John Jackson Yang Shinta Simbolon Chun-Chuan Chen Chun-Ming Huang
author_sort	Hsin-Jou Kao
title	Propionic acid produced by Cutibacterium acnes fermentation ameliorates ultraviolet B-induced melanin synthesis
title_short	Propionic acid produced by Cutibacterium acnes fermentation ameliorates ultraviolet B-induced melanin synthesis
title_full	Propionic acid produced by Cutibacterium acnes fermentation ameliorates ultraviolet B-induced melanin synthesis
title_fullStr	Propionic acid produced by Cutibacterium acnes fermentation ameliorates ultraviolet B-induced melanin synthesis
title_full_unstemmed	Propionic acid produced by Cutibacterium acnes fermentation ameliorates ultraviolet B-induced melanin synthesis
title_sort	propionic acid produced by cutibacterium acnes fermentation ameliorates ultraviolet b-induced melanin synthesis
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cda62467103c46b79dbc2d9aaa74f698
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Propionic acid produced by Cutibacterium acnes fermentation ameliorates ultraviolet B-induced melanin synthesis

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