Secondary household transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus among an urban and rural population in Kenya, 2009-2010.

<h4>Background</h4>In Kenya, >1,200 laboratory-confirmed 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) cases occurred since June 2009. We used population-based infectious disease surveillance (PBIDS) data to assess household transmission of pH1N1 in urban Nairobi (Kibera) and rural Lwak.&l...

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Autores principales:	Clara Y Kim, Robert F Breiman, Leonard Cosmas, Allan Audi, Barrack Aura, Godfrey Bigogo, Henry Njuguna, Emmaculate Lebo, Lilian Waiboci, M Kariuki Njenga, Daniel R Feikin, Mark A Katz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cdbd6997f15b4ed0ae689a762fe1f5ba
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cdbd6997f15b4ed0ae689a762fe1f5ba2021-11-18T07:15:52ZSecondary household transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus among an urban and rural population in Kenya, 2009-2010.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0038166https://doaj.org/article/cdbd6997f15b4ed0ae689a762fe1f5ba2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22701610/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>In Kenya, >1,200 laboratory-confirmed 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) cases occurred since June 2009. We used population-based infectious disease surveillance (PBIDS) data to assess household transmission of pH1N1 in urban Nairobi (Kibera) and rural Lwak.<h4>Methods</h4>We defined a pH1N1 patient as laboratory-confirmed pH1N1 infection among PBIDS participants during August 1, 2009-February 5, 2010, in Kibera, or August 1, 2009-January 20, 2010, in Lwak, and a case household as a household with a laboratory-confirmed pH1N1 patient. Community interviewers visited PBIDS-participating households to inquire about illnesses among household members. We randomly selected 4 comparison households per case household matched by number of children aged <5. Comparison households had a household visit 10 days before or after the matched patient symptom onset date. We defined influenza-like illnesses (ILI) as self-reported cough or sore throat, and a self-reported fever ≤8 days after the pH1N1 patient's symptom onset in case households and ≤8 days before selected household visit in comparison households. We used the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test to compare proportions of ILIs among case and comparison households, and log binomial-model to compare that of Kibera and Lwak.<h4>Results</h4>Among household contacts of patients with confirmed pH1N1 in Kibera, 4.6% had ILI compared with 8.2% in Lwak (risk ratio [RR], 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-0.9). Household contacts of patients were more likely to have ILIs than comparison-household members in both Kibera (RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.8) and Lwak (RR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.6-4.3). Overall, ILI was not associated with patient age. However, ILI rates among household contacts were higher among children aged <5 years than persons aged ≥5 years in Lwak, but not Kibera.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Substantial pH1N1 household transmission occurred in urban and rural Kenya. Household transmission rates were higher in the rural area.Clara Y KimRobert F BreimanLeonard CosmasAllan AudiBarrack AuraGodfrey BigogoHenry NjugunaEmmaculate LeboLilian WaibociM Kariuki NjengaDaniel R FeikinMark A KatzPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 6, p e38166 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Clara Y Kim Robert F Breiman Leonard Cosmas Allan Audi Barrack Aura Godfrey Bigogo Henry Njuguna Emmaculate Lebo Lilian Waiboci M Kariuki Njenga Daniel R Feikin Mark A Katz Secondary household transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus among an urban and rural population in Kenya, 2009-2010.
description	<h4>Background</h4>In Kenya, >1,200 laboratory-confirmed 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) cases occurred since June 2009. We used population-based infectious disease surveillance (PBIDS) data to assess household transmission of pH1N1 in urban Nairobi (Kibera) and rural Lwak.<h4>Methods</h4>We defined a pH1N1 patient as laboratory-confirmed pH1N1 infection among PBIDS participants during August 1, 2009-February 5, 2010, in Kibera, or August 1, 2009-January 20, 2010, in Lwak, and a case household as a household with a laboratory-confirmed pH1N1 patient. Community interviewers visited PBIDS-participating households to inquire about illnesses among household members. We randomly selected 4 comparison households per case household matched by number of children aged <5. Comparison households had a household visit 10 days before or after the matched patient symptom onset date. We defined influenza-like illnesses (ILI) as self-reported cough or sore throat, and a self-reported fever ≤8 days after the pH1N1 patient's symptom onset in case households and ≤8 days before selected household visit in comparison households. We used the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test to compare proportions of ILIs among case and comparison households, and log binomial-model to compare that of Kibera and Lwak.<h4>Results</h4>Among household contacts of patients with confirmed pH1N1 in Kibera, 4.6% had ILI compared with 8.2% in Lwak (risk ratio [RR], 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-0.9). Household contacts of patients were more likely to have ILIs than comparison-household members in both Kibera (RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.8) and Lwak (RR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.6-4.3). Overall, ILI was not associated with patient age. However, ILI rates among household contacts were higher among children aged <5 years than persons aged ≥5 years in Lwak, but not Kibera.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Substantial pH1N1 household transmission occurred in urban and rural Kenya. Household transmission rates were higher in the rural area.
format	article
author	Clara Y Kim Robert F Breiman Leonard Cosmas Allan Audi Barrack Aura Godfrey Bigogo Henry Njuguna Emmaculate Lebo Lilian Waiboci M Kariuki Njenga Daniel R Feikin Mark A Katz
author_facet	Clara Y Kim Robert F Breiman Leonard Cosmas Allan Audi Barrack Aura Godfrey Bigogo Henry Njuguna Emmaculate Lebo Lilian Waiboci M Kariuki Njenga Daniel R Feikin Mark A Katz
author_sort	Clara Y Kim
title	Secondary household transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus among an urban and rural population in Kenya, 2009-2010.
title_short	Secondary household transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus among an urban and rural population in Kenya, 2009-2010.
title_full	Secondary household transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus among an urban and rural population in Kenya, 2009-2010.
title_fullStr	Secondary household transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus among an urban and rural population in Kenya, 2009-2010.
title_full_unstemmed	Secondary household transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus among an urban and rural population in Kenya, 2009-2010.
title_sort	secondary household transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus among an urban and rural population in kenya, 2009-2010.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/cdbd6997f15b4ed0ae689a762fe1f5ba
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Secondary household transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus among an urban and rural population in Kenya, 2009-2010.

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