On–Off Scheduling for Electric Vehicle Charging in Two-Links Charging Stations Using Binary Optimization Approaches

In this study, we deal with the problem of scheduling charging periods of electrical vehicles (EVs) to satisfy the users’ demands for energy consumption as well as to optimally utilize the available power. We assume three-phase EV charging stations, each equipped with two charging ports (links) that...

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Autores principales:	Rafał Zdunek, Andrzej Grobelny, Jerzy Witkowski, Radosław Igor Gnot
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	electrical vehicles EV charging scheduling binary linear programming binary quadratic programming Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cdcbce2fab2c496983cf5fcdc0ab858e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cdcbce2fab2c496983cf5fcdc0ab858e2021-11-11T19:08:40ZOn–Off Scheduling for Electric Vehicle Charging in Two-Links Charging Stations Using Binary Optimization Approaches10.3390/s212171491424-8220https://doaj.org/article/cdcbce2fab2c496983cf5fcdc0ab858e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7149https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220In this study, we deal with the problem of scheduling charging periods of electrical vehicles (EVs) to satisfy the users’ demands for energy consumption as well as to optimally utilize the available power. We assume three-phase EV charging stations, each equipped with two charging ports (links) that can serve up to two EVs in the scheduling period but not simultaneously. Considering such a specification, we propose an on–off scheduling scheme wherein control over an energy flow is achieved by flexibly switching the ports in each station on and off in a manner such as to satisfy the energy demand of each EV, flatten the high energy-consuming load on the whole farm, and to minimize the number of switching operations. To satisfy these needs, the on–off scheduling scheme is formulated in terms of a binary linear programming problem, which is then extended to a quadratic version to incorporate the smoothness constraints. Various algorithmic approaches are used for solving a binary quadratic programming problem, including the Frank–Wolfe algorithm and successive linear approximations. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the latter is scalable, efficient, and flexible in a charging procedure, and it shaves the load peak while maintaining smooth charging profiles.Rafał ZdunekAndrzej GrobelnyJerzy WitkowskiRadosław Igor GnotMDPI AGarticleelectrical vehiclesEV charging schedulingbinary linear programmingbinary quadratic programmingChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7149, p 7149 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electrical vehicles EV charging scheduling binary linear programming binary quadratic programming Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	electrical vehicles EV charging scheduling binary linear programming binary quadratic programming Chemical technology TP1-1185 Rafał Zdunek Andrzej Grobelny Jerzy Witkowski Radosław Igor Gnot On–Off Scheduling for Electric Vehicle Charging in Two-Links Charging Stations Using Binary Optimization Approaches
description	In this study, we deal with the problem of scheduling charging periods of electrical vehicles (EVs) to satisfy the users’ demands for energy consumption as well as to optimally utilize the available power. We assume three-phase EV charging stations, each equipped with two charging ports (links) that can serve up to two EVs in the scheduling period but not simultaneously. Considering such a specification, we propose an on–off scheduling scheme wherein control over an energy flow is achieved by flexibly switching the ports in each station on and off in a manner such as to satisfy the energy demand of each EV, flatten the high energy-consuming load on the whole farm, and to minimize the number of switching operations. To satisfy these needs, the on–off scheduling scheme is formulated in terms of a binary linear programming problem, which is then extended to a quadratic version to incorporate the smoothness constraints. Various algorithmic approaches are used for solving a binary quadratic programming problem, including the Frank–Wolfe algorithm and successive linear approximations. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the latter is scalable, efficient, and flexible in a charging procedure, and it shaves the load peak while maintaining smooth charging profiles.
format	article
author	Rafał Zdunek Andrzej Grobelny Jerzy Witkowski Radosław Igor Gnot
author_facet	Rafał Zdunek Andrzej Grobelny Jerzy Witkowski Radosław Igor Gnot
author_sort	Rafał Zdunek
title	On–Off Scheduling for Electric Vehicle Charging in Two-Links Charging Stations Using Binary Optimization Approaches
title_short	On–Off Scheduling for Electric Vehicle Charging in Two-Links Charging Stations Using Binary Optimization Approaches
title_full	On–Off Scheduling for Electric Vehicle Charging in Two-Links Charging Stations Using Binary Optimization Approaches
title_fullStr	On–Off Scheduling for Electric Vehicle Charging in Two-Links Charging Stations Using Binary Optimization Approaches
title_full_unstemmed	On–Off Scheduling for Electric Vehicle Charging in Two-Links Charging Stations Using Binary Optimization Approaches
title_sort	on–off scheduling for electric vehicle charging in two-links charging stations using binary optimization approaches
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cdcbce2fab2c496983cf5fcdc0ab858e
work_keys_str_mv	AT rafałzdunek onoffschedulingforelectricvehiclechargingintwolinkschargingstationsusingbinaryoptimizationapproaches AT andrzejgrobelny onoffschedulingforelectricvehiclechargingintwolinkschargingstationsusingbinaryoptimizationapproaches AT jerzywitkowski onoffschedulingforelectricvehiclechargingintwolinkschargingstationsusingbinaryoptimizationapproaches AT radosławigorgnot onoffschedulingforelectricvehiclechargingintwolinkschargingstationsusingbinaryoptimizationapproaches
_version_	1718431611880472576

On–Off Scheduling for Electric Vehicle Charging in Two-Links Charging Stations Using Binary Optimization Approaches

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