The impact of lockdown stress and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among university students in Germany

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic led to a shutdown of universities in Germany. In a longitudinal design, we compared mental health (depression, anxiety, somatic complaints) of university students in Germany before (June to August 2019) and in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic (June 2020) and determi...

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Autores principales:	Antonia M. Werner, Ana N. Tibubos, Lina M. Mülder, Jennifer L. Reichel, Markus Schäfer, Sebastian Heller, Daniel Pfirrmann, Dennis Edelmann, Pavel Dietz, Thomas Rigotti, Manfred E. Beutel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cdeeaf3ad25640ac933d2a291cef3533
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cdeeaf3ad25640ac933d2a291cef35332021-11-28T12:20:33ZThe impact of lockdown stress and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among university students in Germany10.1038/s41598-021-02024-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/cdeeaf3ad25640ac933d2a291cef35332021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02024-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic led to a shutdown of universities in Germany. In a longitudinal design, we compared mental health (depression, anxiety, somatic complaints) of university students in Germany before (June to August 2019) and in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic (June 2020) and determined the impact of pandemic-related stress and loneliness on students’ mental health in self-report online surveys. We investigated 443 participants (mean age 22.8 years), among them 77% female, and 10.4% medical students. A small increase of depression mean scores was observed (F(1,420) = 5.21; p = .023), anxiety and somatic complaints have not significantly changed. There was a medium increase in loneliness from pre-pandemic scores to the pandemic situation (F(1,423) = 30.56; p < .001). Analyzed with regression analyses, current loneliness and pre-pandemic distress represented the strongest associations with mental health during the pandemic. Additionally, health-related concerns during the pandemic were associated with symptoms of depression [b = 0.21; 95%CI(0.08; 0.34); t = 3.12; p = .002], anxiety [b = 0.07; 95%CI(0.01; 0.12); t = 2.50; p = .013], somatic complaints [b = 0.33; 95%CI(0.18; 0.47); t = 4.49; p < .001], and loneliness [b = 0.10; 95%CI(0.03; 0.17); t = 2.74; p = .006]. Social stress due to the pandemic situation was associated with loneliness [b = 0.38; 95%CI(0.32; 0.45); t = 11.75; p < .001]. The results imply that university students represent a risk group for psychosocial long-term ramifications of the pandemic.Antonia M. WernerAna N. TibubosLina M. MülderJennifer L. ReichelMarkus SchäferSebastian HellerDaniel PfirrmannDennis EdelmannPavel DietzThomas RigottiManfred E. BeutelNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Antonia M. Werner Ana N. Tibubos Lina M. Mülder Jennifer L. Reichel Markus Schäfer Sebastian Heller Daniel Pfirrmann Dennis Edelmann Pavel Dietz Thomas Rigotti Manfred E. Beutel The impact of lockdown stress and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among university students in Germany
description	Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic led to a shutdown of universities in Germany. In a longitudinal design, we compared mental health (depression, anxiety, somatic complaints) of university students in Germany before (June to August 2019) and in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic (June 2020) and determined the impact of pandemic-related stress and loneliness on students’ mental health in self-report online surveys. We investigated 443 participants (mean age 22.8 years), among them 77% female, and 10.4% medical students. A small increase of depression mean scores was observed (F(1,420) = 5.21; p = .023), anxiety and somatic complaints have not significantly changed. There was a medium increase in loneliness from pre-pandemic scores to the pandemic situation (F(1,423) = 30.56; p < .001). Analyzed with regression analyses, current loneliness and pre-pandemic distress represented the strongest associations with mental health during the pandemic. Additionally, health-related concerns during the pandemic were associated with symptoms of depression [b = 0.21; 95%CI(0.08; 0.34); t = 3.12; p = .002], anxiety [b = 0.07; 95%CI(0.01; 0.12); t = 2.50; p = .013], somatic complaints [b = 0.33; 95%CI(0.18; 0.47); t = 4.49; p < .001], and loneliness [b = 0.10; 95%CI(0.03; 0.17); t = 2.74; p = .006]. Social stress due to the pandemic situation was associated with loneliness [b = 0.38; 95%CI(0.32; 0.45); t = 11.75; p < .001]. The results imply that university students represent a risk group for psychosocial long-term ramifications of the pandemic.
format	article
author	Antonia M. Werner Ana N. Tibubos Lina M. Mülder Jennifer L. Reichel Markus Schäfer Sebastian Heller Daniel Pfirrmann Dennis Edelmann Pavel Dietz Thomas Rigotti Manfred E. Beutel
author_facet	Antonia M. Werner Ana N. Tibubos Lina M. Mülder Jennifer L. Reichel Markus Schäfer Sebastian Heller Daniel Pfirrmann Dennis Edelmann Pavel Dietz Thomas Rigotti Manfred E. Beutel
author_sort	Antonia M. Werner
title	The impact of lockdown stress and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among university students in Germany
title_short	The impact of lockdown stress and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among university students in Germany
title_full	The impact of lockdown stress and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among university students in Germany
title_fullStr	The impact of lockdown stress and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among university students in Germany
title_full_unstemmed	The impact of lockdown stress and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among university students in Germany
title_sort	impact of lockdown stress and loneliness during the covid-19 pandemic on mental health among university students in germany
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cdeeaf3ad25640ac933d2a291cef3533
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The impact of lockdown stress and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among university students in Germany

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