Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate

Craniofacial development including palatogenesis is a complex process which requires an orchestrated and spatiotemporal expression of various genes and factors for proper embryogenesis and organogenesis. One such group of genes essential for craniofacial development is the homeobox genes, transcript...

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Autores principales:	Nityanand Jain, Mara Pilmane
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cleft lip and palate inflammation immunohistochemistry in-situ hybridization <i>HOXB3</i> <i>DLX4</i> Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ce0042b92db24c409f95a16e5af6e644
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ce0042b92db24c409f95a16e5af6e6442021-11-25T18:07:28ZEvaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate10.3390/jpm111111352075-4426https://doaj.org/article/ce0042b92db24c409f95a16e5af6e6442021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/11/1135https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4426Craniofacial development including palatogenesis is a complex process which requires an orchestrated and spatiotemporal expression of various genes and factors for proper embryogenesis and organogenesis. One such group of genes essential for craniofacial development is the homeobox genes, transcriptional factors that are commonly associated with congenital abnormalities. Amongst these genes, <i>DLX4, HOXB3,</i> and <i>MSX2</i> have been recently shown to be involved in the etiology of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate. Hence, we investigated the gene and protein expression of these genes in normal and cleft affected mucosal tissue obtained from 22 children, along with analyzing their role in promoting local-site inflammation using <i>NF-κB</i>. Additionally, we investigated the role of <i>PTX3,</i> which plays a critical role in tissue remodeling and wound repair. We found a residual gene and protein expression of <i>DLX4</i> in cleft mucosa, although no differences in gene expression levels of <i>HOXB3</i> and <i>MSX2</i> were noted. However, a significant increase in protein expression for these genes was noted in the cleft mucosa (<i>p</i> < 0.05), indicating increased cellular proliferation. This was coupled with a significant increase in <i>NF-κB</i> protein expression in cleft mucosa (<i>p</i> < 0.05), highlighting the role of these genes in promotion of pro-inflammatory environment. Finally, no differences in gene expression of <i>PTX3</i> were noted.Nityanand JainMara PilmaneMDPI AGarticlecleft lip and palateinflammationimmunohistochemistryin-situ hybridization<i>HOXB3</i><i>DLX4</i>MedicineRENJournal of Personalized Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 1135, p 1135 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cleft lip and palate inflammation immunohistochemistry in-situ hybridization <i>HOXB3</i> <i>DLX4</i> Medicine R
spellingShingle	cleft lip and palate inflammation immunohistochemistry in-situ hybridization <i>HOXB3</i> <i>DLX4</i> Medicine R Nityanand Jain Mara Pilmane Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate
description	Craniofacial development including palatogenesis is a complex process which requires an orchestrated and spatiotemporal expression of various genes and factors for proper embryogenesis and organogenesis. One such group of genes essential for craniofacial development is the homeobox genes, transcriptional factors that are commonly associated with congenital abnormalities. Amongst these genes, <i>DLX4, HOXB3,</i> and <i>MSX2</i> have been recently shown to be involved in the etiology of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate. Hence, we investigated the gene and protein expression of these genes in normal and cleft affected mucosal tissue obtained from 22 children, along with analyzing their role in promoting local-site inflammation using <i>NF-κB</i>. Additionally, we investigated the role of <i>PTX3,</i> which plays a critical role in tissue remodeling and wound repair. We found a residual gene and protein expression of <i>DLX4</i> in cleft mucosa, although no differences in gene expression levels of <i>HOXB3</i> and <i>MSX2</i> were noted. However, a significant increase in protein expression for these genes was noted in the cleft mucosa (<i>p</i> < 0.05), indicating increased cellular proliferation. This was coupled with a significant increase in <i>NF-κB</i> protein expression in cleft mucosa (<i>p</i> < 0.05), highlighting the role of these genes in promotion of pro-inflammatory environment. Finally, no differences in gene expression of <i>PTX3</i> were noted.
format	article
author	Nityanand Jain Mara Pilmane
author_facet	Nityanand Jain Mara Pilmane
author_sort	Nityanand Jain
title	Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate
title_short	Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate
title_full	Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate
title_fullStr	Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate
title_sort	evaluating the expression of candidate homeobox genes and their role in local-site inflammation in mucosal tissue obtained from children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ce0042b92db24c409f95a16e5af6e644
work_keys_str_mv	AT nityanandjain evaluatingtheexpressionofcandidatehomeoboxgenesandtheirroleinlocalsiteinflammationinmucosaltissueobtainedfromchildrenwithnonsyndromiccleftlipandpalate AT marapilmane evaluatingtheexpressionofcandidatehomeoboxgenesandtheirroleinlocalsiteinflammationinmucosaltissueobtainedfromchildrenwithnonsyndromiccleftlipandpalate
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Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate

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