Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress
Objectives: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) self-quarantine period, the transition to online-course has profoundly changed the learning modes of millions of school-aged children and put them at an increased risk of asthenopia. Therefore, we aimed to determine associations of the total...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:ce04d54e11ef445fb780b00545809b7a2021-12-01T21:37:57ZContribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress2296-256510.3389/fpubh.2021.736617https://doaj.org/article/ce04d54e11ef445fb780b00545809b7a2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.736617/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-2565Objectives: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) self-quarantine period, the transition to online-course has profoundly changed the learning modes of millions of school-aged children and put them at an increased risk of asthenopia. Therefore, we aimed to determine associations of the total screen/online-course time with asthenopia prevalence among that children during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the associations were mediated by psychological stress.Methods: Asthenopia was defined according to a validated computer vision syndrome questionnaire (CVS-Q). We used CVS-Q to collect the frequency and intensity of 16 asthenopia-related eye symptoms of 25,781 children. Demographic features, eye care habits, visual disorders, lifestyle, psychological and environmental factors, were also collected.Results: The overall asthenopia prevalence was 12.1%, varying from 5.4 to 18.2% across grade/gender-classified subgroups. A 100-h increment of total screen/online-course time were associated with an increased risk of asthenopia by 9% [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09] and 11% (OR = 1.11), respectively. Mediation analysis showed that the proportions of total effects mediated by psychological stress were 23.5 and 38.1%, respectively. Age, female gender, having myopia or astigmatism, bad habits when watching screens were also risk factors. Conversely, keeping 34–65 cm between eyes and screen, increased rest time between classes, and increased eye exercise were all associated with a decreased risk.Conclusion: Our study indicated that the influence of long total screen or online-course time on psychological stress increases asthenopia risk. The findings of this study have provided a new avenue for intervening screen-related asthenopia in addition to incorporating a reasonable schedule of online courses into educational policy.Lin LiJing ZhangMoxin ChenXue LiQiao ChuRun JiangZhihao LiuLili ZhangJun ShiYi WangWeizhong ZhuJian ChenPengcheng XunPengcheng XunJibo ZhouFrontiers Media S.A.articleasthenopiaschool-aged childrenonline-course timepsychological stressCOVID-19Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENFrontiers in Public Health, Vol 9 (2021) |
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DOAJ |
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EN |
| topic |
asthenopia school-aged children online-course time psychological stress COVID-19 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
| spellingShingle |
asthenopia school-aged children online-course time psychological stress COVID-19 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Lin Li Jing Zhang Moxin Chen Xue Li Qiao Chu Run Jiang Zhihao Liu Lili Zhang Jun Shi Yi Wang Weizhong Zhu Jian Chen Pengcheng Xun Pengcheng Xun Jibo Zhou Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress |
| description |
Objectives: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) self-quarantine period, the transition to online-course has profoundly changed the learning modes of millions of school-aged children and put them at an increased risk of asthenopia. Therefore, we aimed to determine associations of the total screen/online-course time with asthenopia prevalence among that children during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the associations were mediated by psychological stress.Methods: Asthenopia was defined according to a validated computer vision syndrome questionnaire (CVS-Q). We used CVS-Q to collect the frequency and intensity of 16 asthenopia-related eye symptoms of 25,781 children. Demographic features, eye care habits, visual disorders, lifestyle, psychological and environmental factors, were also collected.Results: The overall asthenopia prevalence was 12.1%, varying from 5.4 to 18.2% across grade/gender-classified subgroups. A 100-h increment of total screen/online-course time were associated with an increased risk of asthenopia by 9% [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09] and 11% (OR = 1.11), respectively. Mediation analysis showed that the proportions of total effects mediated by psychological stress were 23.5 and 38.1%, respectively. Age, female gender, having myopia or astigmatism, bad habits when watching screens were also risk factors. Conversely, keeping 34–65 cm between eyes and screen, increased rest time between classes, and increased eye exercise were all associated with a decreased risk.Conclusion: Our study indicated that the influence of long total screen or online-course time on psychological stress increases asthenopia risk. The findings of this study have provided a new avenue for intervening screen-related asthenopia in addition to incorporating a reasonable schedule of online courses into educational policy. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Lin Li Jing Zhang Moxin Chen Xue Li Qiao Chu Run Jiang Zhihao Liu Lili Zhang Jun Shi Yi Wang Weizhong Zhu Jian Chen Pengcheng Xun Pengcheng Xun Jibo Zhou |
| author_facet |
Lin Li Jing Zhang Moxin Chen Xue Li Qiao Chu Run Jiang Zhihao Liu Lili Zhang Jun Shi Yi Wang Weizhong Zhu Jian Chen Pengcheng Xun Pengcheng Xun Jibo Zhou |
| author_sort |
Lin Li |
| title |
Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress |
| title_short |
Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress |
| title_full |
Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress |
| title_fullStr |
Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress |
| title_sort |
contribution of total screen/online-course time to asthenopia in children during covid-19 pandemic via influencing psychological stress |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/ce04d54e11ef445fb780b00545809b7a |
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