Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes

The use of ionic metals such as zinc (Zn<sup>2+</sup>) is providing promising results in regenerative medicine. In this study, human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated with different concentrations of zinc chloride (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>), ranging from 1 to 800 µg/mL, for 3,...

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Autores principales:	Beatriz Salesa, Roser Sabater i Serra, Ángel Serrano-Aroca
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	biometals zinc ions human keratinocytes cytotoxicity gene expression biomedical applications Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ce077195239d4f4198cdd3b0eac948bc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ce077195239d4f4198cdd3b0eac948bc2021-11-25T16:46:44ZZinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes10.3390/biology101110722079-7737https://doaj.org/article/ce077195239d4f4198cdd3b0eac948bc2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1072https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737The use of ionic metals such as zinc (Zn<sup>2+</sup>) is providing promising results in regenerative medicine. In this study, human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated with different concentrations of zinc chloride (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>), ranging from 1 to 800 µg/mL, for 3, 12 and 24 h. The results showed a time–concentration dependence with three non-cytotoxic concentrations (10, 5 and 1 µg/mL) and a median effective concentration value of 13.5 µg/mL at a cell exposure to ZnCl<sub>2</sub> of 24 h. However, the zinc treatment with 5 or 1 µg/mL had no effect on cell proliferation in HaCaT cells in relation to the control sample at 72 h. The effects of the Zn<sup>2+</sup> treatment on the expression of several genes related to glycoprotein synthesis, oxidative stress, proliferation and differentiation were assessed at the two lowest non-cytotoxic concentrations after 24 h of treatment. Out of 13 analyzed genes (superoxide dismutase 1 (<i>SOD1)</i>, catalase <i>(CAT)</i>, matrix metallopeptidase 1 <i>(MMP1),</i> transforming growth factor beta 1 <i>(TGFB1)</i>, glutathione peroxidase 1 (<i>GPX1),</i> fibronectin 1 (<i>FN1)</i>, hyaluronan synthase 2 <i>(HAS2)</i>, laminin subunit beta 1 <i>(LAMB1),</i> lumican <i>(LUM)</i>, cadherin 1 (<i>CDH1)</i>, collagen type IV alpha <i>(COL4A1)</i>, fibrillin (<i>FBN)</i> and versican <i>(VCAN</i>)), Zn<sup>2+</sup> was able to upregulate <i>SOD1, CAT, TGFB1, GPX1, LUM, CDH1, FBN</i> and <i>VCAN</i>, with relative expression levels of at least 1.9-fold with respect to controls. We found that ZnCl<sub>2</sub> promoted glycoprotein synthesis and antioxidant gene expression, thus confirming its great potential in biomedicine.Beatriz SalesaRoser Sabater i SerraÁngel Serrano-ArocaMDPI AGarticlebiometalszinc ionshuman keratinocytescytotoxicitygene expressionbiomedical applicationsBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiology, Vol 10, Iss 1072, p 1072 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biometals zinc ions human keratinocytes cytotoxicity gene expression biomedical applications Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	biometals zinc ions human keratinocytes cytotoxicity gene expression biomedical applications Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Beatriz Salesa Roser Sabater i Serra Ángel Serrano-Aroca Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes
description	The use of ionic metals such as zinc (Zn<sup>2+</sup>) is providing promising results in regenerative medicine. In this study, human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated with different concentrations of zinc chloride (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>), ranging from 1 to 800 µg/mL, for 3, 12 and 24 h. The results showed a time–concentration dependence with three non-cytotoxic concentrations (10, 5 and 1 µg/mL) and a median effective concentration value of 13.5 µg/mL at a cell exposure to ZnCl<sub>2</sub> of 24 h. However, the zinc treatment with 5 or 1 µg/mL had no effect on cell proliferation in HaCaT cells in relation to the control sample at 72 h. The effects of the Zn<sup>2+</sup> treatment on the expression of several genes related to glycoprotein synthesis, oxidative stress, proliferation and differentiation were assessed at the two lowest non-cytotoxic concentrations after 24 h of treatment. Out of 13 analyzed genes (superoxide dismutase 1 (<i>SOD1)</i>, catalase <i>(CAT)</i>, matrix metallopeptidase 1 <i>(MMP1),</i> transforming growth factor beta 1 <i>(TGFB1)</i>, glutathione peroxidase 1 (<i>GPX1),</i> fibronectin 1 (<i>FN1)</i>, hyaluronan synthase 2 <i>(HAS2)</i>, laminin subunit beta 1 <i>(LAMB1),</i> lumican <i>(LUM)</i>, cadherin 1 (<i>CDH1)</i>, collagen type IV alpha <i>(COL4A1)</i>, fibrillin (<i>FBN)</i> and versican <i>(VCAN</i>)), Zn<sup>2+</sup> was able to upregulate <i>SOD1, CAT, TGFB1, GPX1, LUM, CDH1, FBN</i> and <i>VCAN</i>, with relative expression levels of at least 1.9-fold with respect to controls. We found that ZnCl<sub>2</sub> promoted glycoprotein synthesis and antioxidant gene expression, thus confirming its great potential in biomedicine.
format	article
author	Beatriz Salesa Roser Sabater i Serra Ángel Serrano-Aroca
author_facet	Beatriz Salesa Roser Sabater i Serra Ángel Serrano-Aroca
author_sort	Beatriz Salesa
title	Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes
title_short	Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes
title_full	Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes
title_fullStr	Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes
title_full_unstemmed	Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes
title_sort	zinc chloride: time-dependent cytotoxicity, proliferation and promotion of glycoprotein synthesis and antioxidant gene expression in human keratinocytes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ce077195239d4f4198cdd3b0eac948bc
work_keys_str_mv	AT beatrizsalesa zincchloridetimedependentcytotoxicityproliferationandpromotionofglycoproteinsynthesisandantioxidantgeneexpressioninhumankeratinocytes AT rosersabateriserra zincchloridetimedependentcytotoxicityproliferationandpromotionofglycoproteinsynthesisandantioxidantgeneexpressioninhumankeratinocytes AT angelserranoaroca zincchloridetimedependentcytotoxicityproliferationandpromotionofglycoproteinsynthesisandantioxidantgeneexpressioninhumankeratinocytes
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Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes

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