New Players in the Toxin Field: Polymorphic Toxin Systems in Bacteria

ABSTRACT Bacteria have evolved numerous strategies to increase their competitiveness and fight against each other. Indeed, a large arsenal of antibacterial weapons is available in order to inhibit the proliferation of competitor cells. Polymorphic toxin systems (PTS), recently identified by bioinfor...

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Autores principales: Anne Jamet, Xavier Nassif
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Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2015
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/ce0d9610f6454c7ab21d2847168cf042
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:ce0d9610f6454c7ab21d2847168cf0422021-11-15T15:49:03ZNew Players in the Toxin Field: Polymorphic Toxin Systems in Bacteria10.1128/mBio.00285-152150-7511https://doaj.org/article/ce0d9610f6454c7ab21d2847168cf0422015-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00285-15https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Bacteria have evolved numerous strategies to increase their competitiveness and fight against each other. Indeed, a large arsenal of antibacterial weapons is available in order to inhibit the proliferation of competitor cells. Polymorphic toxin systems (PTS), recently identified by bioinformatics in all major bacterial lineages, correspond to such a system primarily involved in conflict between related bacterial strains. They are typically composed of a secreted multidomain toxin, a protective immunity protein, and multiple cassettes encoding alternative toxic domains. The C-terminal domains of polymorphic toxins carry the toxic activity, whereas the N-terminal domains are related to the trafficking mode. In silico analysis of PTS identified over 150 distinct toxin domains, including putative nuclease, deaminase, or peptidase domains. Immunity genes found immediately downstream of the toxin genes encode small proteins that protect bacteria against their own toxins or against toxins secreted by neighboring cells. PTS encompass well-known colicins and pyocins, contact-dependent growth inhibition systems which include CdiA and Rhs toxins and some effectors of type VI secretion systems. We have recently characterized the MafB toxins, a new family of PTS deployed by pathogenic Neisseria spp. Many other putative PTS have been identified by in silico predictions but have yet to be characterized experimentally. However, the high number of these systems suggests that PTS have a fundamental role in bacterial biology that is likely to extend beyond interbacterial competition.Anne JametXavier NassifAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 6, Iss 3 (2015)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Microbiology
QR1-502
spellingShingle Microbiology
QR1-502
Anne Jamet
Xavier Nassif
New Players in the Toxin Field: Polymorphic Toxin Systems in Bacteria
description ABSTRACT Bacteria have evolved numerous strategies to increase their competitiveness and fight against each other. Indeed, a large arsenal of antibacterial weapons is available in order to inhibit the proliferation of competitor cells. Polymorphic toxin systems (PTS), recently identified by bioinformatics in all major bacterial lineages, correspond to such a system primarily involved in conflict between related bacterial strains. They are typically composed of a secreted multidomain toxin, a protective immunity protein, and multiple cassettes encoding alternative toxic domains. The C-terminal domains of polymorphic toxins carry the toxic activity, whereas the N-terminal domains are related to the trafficking mode. In silico analysis of PTS identified over 150 distinct toxin domains, including putative nuclease, deaminase, or peptidase domains. Immunity genes found immediately downstream of the toxin genes encode small proteins that protect bacteria against their own toxins or against toxins secreted by neighboring cells. PTS encompass well-known colicins and pyocins, contact-dependent growth inhibition systems which include CdiA and Rhs toxins and some effectors of type VI secretion systems. We have recently characterized the MafB toxins, a new family of PTS deployed by pathogenic Neisseria spp. Many other putative PTS have been identified by in silico predictions but have yet to be characterized experimentally. However, the high number of these systems suggests that PTS have a fundamental role in bacterial biology that is likely to extend beyond interbacterial competition.
format article
author Anne Jamet
Xavier Nassif
author_facet Anne Jamet
Xavier Nassif
author_sort Anne Jamet
title New Players in the Toxin Field: Polymorphic Toxin Systems in Bacteria
title_short New Players in the Toxin Field: Polymorphic Toxin Systems in Bacteria
title_full New Players in the Toxin Field: Polymorphic Toxin Systems in Bacteria
title_fullStr New Players in the Toxin Field: Polymorphic Toxin Systems in Bacteria
title_full_unstemmed New Players in the Toxin Field: Polymorphic Toxin Systems in Bacteria
title_sort new players in the toxin field: polymorphic toxin systems in bacteria
publisher American Society for Microbiology
publishDate 2015
url https://doaj.org/article/ce0d9610f6454c7ab21d2847168cf042
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AT xaviernassif newplayersinthetoxinfieldpolymorphictoxinsystemsinbacteria
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