Sea water whirlpool spa as a source of Legionella infection

Bacterial pneumonia caused by the inhalation of aerosols contaminated with Legionella spp. is also known as Legionnaires' disease. In this study, we report a case of pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila sg.1 in a 58-year-old man who visited a sea water-filled whirlpool within a hotel and...

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Autores principales:	Dijana Tomic Linsak, Darja Kese, Dalibor Broznic, Darija Vukic Lusic, Arijana Cenov, Milan Moric, Ivana Gobin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	genotypic investigation ld90 legionella pneumophila legionellosis sea water Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ce139f2cd9b34a49b342c7691e0316d7
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:ce139f2cd9b34a49b342c7691e0316d7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ce139f2cd9b34a49b342c7691e0316d72021-11-06T06:03:53ZSea water whirlpool spa as a source of Legionella infection1477-89201996-782910.2166/wh.2021.150https://doaj.org/article/ce139f2cd9b34a49b342c7691e0316d72021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttp://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/19/2/242https://doaj.org/toc/1477-8920https://doaj.org/toc/1996-7829Bacterial pneumonia caused by the inhalation of aerosols contaminated with Legionella spp. is also known as Legionnaires' disease. In this study, we report a case of pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila sg.1 in a 58-year-old man who visited a sea water-filled whirlpool within a hotel and spa complex. The patient's Legionella urine antigen test was positive for L. pneumophila sg.1. During the field study, samples were taken from both the outdoor and indoor sea water-filled pools. Samples from the whirlpool were culture positive for L. pneumophila sg.1. Typing results indicated sea water isolate belonged to Sequence type ST82 and Allentown/France MAb subgroup. In vitro experiments showed that L. pneumophila strains are able to survive within sea water up to 7 days, and survival time is prolonged with sea water dilution. Also, our results indicate that L. pneumophila Allentown strain was the most resistant to adverse conditions in sea water with the highest values of DT50 (420 min) and DT90 (1,396 min). The possible source of infection was adding potable water for filling up the whirlpool. The survival of the L. pneumophila in additionally conditioned sea water should be considered in a further study. HIGHLIGHTS Sea water in spa resorts may act as an environmental reservoir for Legionella spp.; Sea and brackish water are suitable media for the survival of the Legionella pneumophila.; In vitro experiments show that most Legionella spp. can survive in sea water up to 7 days.; L. pneumophila Allentown strain shows better survival ability in seawater compared to other strains.; The possible source of infection was filling up the whirlpool with potable water.;Dijana Tomic LinsakDarja KeseDalibor BroznicDarija Vukic LusicArijana CenovMilan MoricIvana GobinIWA Publishingarticlegenotypic investigationld90legionella pneumophilalegionellosissea waterPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENJournal of Water and Health, Vol 19, Iss 2, Pp 242-253 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	genotypic investigation ld90 legionella pneumophila legionellosis sea water Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	genotypic investigation ld90 legionella pneumophila legionellosis sea water Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Dijana Tomic Linsak Darja Kese Dalibor Broznic Darija Vukic Lusic Arijana Cenov Milan Moric Ivana Gobin Sea water whirlpool spa as a source of Legionella infection
description	Bacterial pneumonia caused by the inhalation of aerosols contaminated with Legionella spp. is also known as Legionnaires' disease. In this study, we report a case of pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila sg.1 in a 58-year-old man who visited a sea water-filled whirlpool within a hotel and spa complex. The patient's Legionella urine antigen test was positive for L. pneumophila sg.1. During the field study, samples were taken from both the outdoor and indoor sea water-filled pools. Samples from the whirlpool were culture positive for L. pneumophila sg.1. Typing results indicated sea water isolate belonged to Sequence type ST82 and Allentown/France MAb subgroup. In vitro experiments showed that L. pneumophila strains are able to survive within sea water up to 7 days, and survival time is prolonged with sea water dilution. Also, our results indicate that L. pneumophila Allentown strain was the most resistant to adverse conditions in sea water with the highest values of DT50 (420 min) and DT90 (1,396 min). The possible source of infection was adding potable water for filling up the whirlpool. The survival of the L. pneumophila in additionally conditioned sea water should be considered in a further study. HIGHLIGHTS Sea water in spa resorts may act as an environmental reservoir for Legionella spp.; Sea and brackish water are suitable media for the survival of the Legionella pneumophila.; In vitro experiments show that most Legionella spp. can survive in sea water up to 7 days.; L. pneumophila Allentown strain shows better survival ability in seawater compared to other strains.; The possible source of infection was filling up the whirlpool with potable water.;
format	article
author	Dijana Tomic Linsak Darja Kese Dalibor Broznic Darija Vukic Lusic Arijana Cenov Milan Moric Ivana Gobin
author_facet	Dijana Tomic Linsak Darja Kese Dalibor Broznic Darija Vukic Lusic Arijana Cenov Milan Moric Ivana Gobin
author_sort	Dijana Tomic Linsak
title	Sea water whirlpool spa as a source of Legionella infection
title_short	Sea water whirlpool spa as a source of Legionella infection
title_full	Sea water whirlpool spa as a source of Legionella infection
title_fullStr	Sea water whirlpool spa as a source of Legionella infection
title_full_unstemmed	Sea water whirlpool spa as a source of Legionella infection
title_sort	sea water whirlpool spa as a source of legionella infection
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ce139f2cd9b34a49b342c7691e0316d7
work_keys_str_mv	AT dijanatomiclinsak seawaterwhirlpoolspaasasourceoflegionellainfection AT darjakese seawaterwhirlpoolspaasasourceoflegionellainfection AT daliborbroznic seawaterwhirlpoolspaasasourceoflegionellainfection AT darijavukiclusic seawaterwhirlpoolspaasasourceoflegionellainfection AT arijanacenov seawaterwhirlpoolspaasasourceoflegionellainfection AT milanmoric seawaterwhirlpoolspaasasourceoflegionellainfection AT ivanagobin seawaterwhirlpoolspaasasourceoflegionellainfection
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Sea water whirlpool spa as a source of Legionella infection

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