Acute and subacute repeated oral toxicity study of fragmented microplastics in Sprague-Dawley rats

Polypropylene (PP) is the second most highly produced plastic worldwide, and its microplastic forms are found in water and food matrices. However, the effects of PP microplastics on human health remain largely unknown. Here, we prepared 85.2 µm-sized weathered PP (w-PP) microplastics by sieving the...

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Autores principales:	Jinsik Kim, Muthuchamy Maruthupandy, Kyu Sup An, Kwang Hun Lee, Soyeon Jeon, Ji-Su Kim, Wan-Seob Cho
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Microplastics Good laboratory practice Mutagenicity Skin irritation Eye irritation Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ce57f4e885c0419392db7f4c738054e1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ce57f4e885c0419392db7f4c738054e12021-11-12T04:24:10ZAcute and subacute repeated oral toxicity study of fragmented microplastics in Sprague-Dawley rats0147-651310.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112964https://doaj.org/article/ce57f4e885c0419392db7f4c738054e12021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321010769https://doaj.org/toc/0147-6513Polypropylene (PP) is the second most highly produced plastic worldwide, and its microplastic forms are found in water and food matrices. However, the effects of PP microplastics on human health remain largely unknown. Here, we prepared 85.2 µm-sized weathered PP (w-PP) microplastics by sieving the microplastic particles after fragmentation and accelerated weathering processes. The prepared particles are irregular in shape and no chemical additives including phthalates and bisphenol A were not released in simulated body fluids. Then, the w-PP samples were gavaged to rats for acute and subacute toxicity testing in accordance to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guidelines under good laboratory practice regulations. The highest dose for gavaging to rats was 25 mg/kg bw/day, which was the maximum feasible dose based on the dispersibility of microplastics. Both toxicity testings for w-PP microplastics showed no adverse effects and mutagenicity. Thus, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of w-PP microplastics is higher than 25 mg/kg bw/day. Furthermore, the w-PP microplastics did not show any skin or eye irritation potentials in the 3-dimensional reconstructed human skin or corneal culture model. The dose of 25 mg/kg of w-PP microplastics is roughly equal to 2.82 × 105 particles/kg, which suggests that human exposure to w-PP microplastics in a real-life situation may not have any adverse effects.Jinsik KimMuthuchamy MaruthupandyKyu Sup AnKwang Hun LeeSoyeon JeonJi-Su KimWan-Seob ChoElsevierarticleMicroplasticsGood laboratory practiceMutagenicitySkin irritationEye irritationEnvironmental pollutionTD172-193.5Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 228, Iss , Pp 112964- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microplastics Good laboratory practice Mutagenicity Skin irritation Eye irritation Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	Microplastics Good laboratory practice Mutagenicity Skin irritation Eye irritation Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Jinsik Kim Muthuchamy Maruthupandy Kyu Sup An Kwang Hun Lee Soyeon Jeon Ji-Su Kim Wan-Seob Cho Acute and subacute repeated oral toxicity study of fragmented microplastics in Sprague-Dawley rats
description	Polypropylene (PP) is the second most highly produced plastic worldwide, and its microplastic forms are found in water and food matrices. However, the effects of PP microplastics on human health remain largely unknown. Here, we prepared 85.2 µm-sized weathered PP (w-PP) microplastics by sieving the microplastic particles after fragmentation and accelerated weathering processes. The prepared particles are irregular in shape and no chemical additives including phthalates and bisphenol A were not released in simulated body fluids. Then, the w-PP samples were gavaged to rats for acute and subacute toxicity testing in accordance to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guidelines under good laboratory practice regulations. The highest dose for gavaging to rats was 25 mg/kg bw/day, which was the maximum feasible dose based on the dispersibility of microplastics. Both toxicity testings for w-PP microplastics showed no adverse effects and mutagenicity. Thus, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of w-PP microplastics is higher than 25 mg/kg bw/day. Furthermore, the w-PP microplastics did not show any skin or eye irritation potentials in the 3-dimensional reconstructed human skin or corneal culture model. The dose of 25 mg/kg of w-PP microplastics is roughly equal to 2.82 × 105 particles/kg, which suggests that human exposure to w-PP microplastics in a real-life situation may not have any adverse effects.
format	article
author	Jinsik Kim Muthuchamy Maruthupandy Kyu Sup An Kwang Hun Lee Soyeon Jeon Ji-Su Kim Wan-Seob Cho
author_facet	Jinsik Kim Muthuchamy Maruthupandy Kyu Sup An Kwang Hun Lee Soyeon Jeon Ji-Su Kim Wan-Seob Cho
author_sort	Jinsik Kim
title	Acute and subacute repeated oral toxicity study of fragmented microplastics in Sprague-Dawley rats
title_short	Acute and subacute repeated oral toxicity study of fragmented microplastics in Sprague-Dawley rats
title_full	Acute and subacute repeated oral toxicity study of fragmented microplastics in Sprague-Dawley rats
title_fullStr	Acute and subacute repeated oral toxicity study of fragmented microplastics in Sprague-Dawley rats
title_full_unstemmed	Acute and subacute repeated oral toxicity study of fragmented microplastics in Sprague-Dawley rats
title_sort	acute and subacute repeated oral toxicity study of fragmented microplastics in sprague-dawley rats
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ce57f4e885c0419392db7f4c738054e1
work_keys_str_mv	AT jinsikkim acuteandsubacuterepeatedoraltoxicitystudyoffragmentedmicroplasticsinspraguedawleyrats AT muthuchamymaruthupandy acuteandsubacuterepeatedoraltoxicitystudyoffragmentedmicroplasticsinspraguedawleyrats AT kyusupan acuteandsubacuterepeatedoraltoxicitystudyoffragmentedmicroplasticsinspraguedawleyrats AT kwanghunlee acuteandsubacuterepeatedoraltoxicitystudyoffragmentedmicroplasticsinspraguedawleyrats AT soyeonjeon acuteandsubacuterepeatedoraltoxicitystudyoffragmentedmicroplasticsinspraguedawleyrats AT jisukim acuteandsubacuterepeatedoraltoxicitystudyoffragmentedmicroplasticsinspraguedawleyrats AT wanseobcho acuteandsubacuterepeatedoraltoxicitystudyoffragmentedmicroplasticsinspraguedawleyrats
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Acute and subacute repeated oral toxicity study of fragmented microplastics in Sprague-Dawley rats

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