Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effects of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Deficiency on Immune Responses in the Mouse Brain during Toxoplasma gondii Infection

The obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii infects warm-blooded animals, including humans. We previously revealed through a whole-brain transcriptome analysis that infection with T. gondii in mice causes immune response-associated genes to be upregula...

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Autores principales:	Kousuke Umeda, Youta Goto, Kenichi Watanabe, Nanako Ushio, Ragab M. Fereig, Fumiaki Ihara, Sachi Tanaka, Yutaka Suzuki, Yoshifumi Nishikawa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> CXCR3 transcriptome brain astrocyte microglia Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ce5db034c27043eeac1a4b29a5fd72d7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ce5db034c27043eeac1a4b29a5fd72d72021-11-25T18:25:16ZTranscriptomic Analysis of the Effects of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Deficiency on Immune Responses in the Mouse Brain during <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection10.3390/microorganisms91123402076-2607https://doaj.org/article/ce5db034c27043eeac1a4b29a5fd72d72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2340https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607The obligate intracellular parasite <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infects warm-blooded animals, including humans. We previously revealed through a whole-brain transcriptome analysis that infection with <i>T. gondii</i> in mice causes immune response-associated genes to be upregulated, for instance, chemokines and chemokine receptors such as CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and its ligand CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10). Here, we describe the effect of CXCR3 on responses against <i>T. gondii</i> infection in the mouse brain. In vivo assays using CXCR3-deficient mice showed that the absence of CXCR3 delayed the normal recovery of body weight and increased the brain parasite burden, suggesting that CXCR3 plays a role in the control of pathology in the brain, the site where chronic infection occurs. Therefore, to further analyze the function of CXCR3 in the brain, we profiled the gene expression patterns of primary astrocytes and microglia by RNA sequencing and subsequent analyses. CXCR3 deficiency impaired the normal upregulation of immune-related genes during <i>T. gondii</i> infection, in astrocytes and microglia alike. Collectively, our results suggest that the immune-related genes upregulated by CXCR3 perform a particular role in controlling pathology when the host is chronically infected with <i>T. gondii</i> in the brain.Kousuke UmedaYouta GotoKenichi WatanabeNanako UshioRagab M. FereigFumiaki IharaSachi TanakaYutaka SuzukiYoshifumi NishikawaMDPI AGarticle<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>CXCR3transcriptomebrainastrocytemicrogliaBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2340, p 2340 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> CXCR3 transcriptome brain astrocyte microglia Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> CXCR3 transcriptome brain astrocyte microglia Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Kousuke Umeda Youta Goto Kenichi Watanabe Nanako Ushio Ragab M. Fereig Fumiaki Ihara Sachi Tanaka Yutaka Suzuki Yoshifumi Nishikawa Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effects of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Deficiency on Immune Responses in the Mouse Brain during <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection
description	The obligate intracellular parasite <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infects warm-blooded animals, including humans. We previously revealed through a whole-brain transcriptome analysis that infection with <i>T. gondii</i> in mice causes immune response-associated genes to be upregulated, for instance, chemokines and chemokine receptors such as CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and its ligand CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10). Here, we describe the effect of CXCR3 on responses against <i>T. gondii</i> infection in the mouse brain. In vivo assays using CXCR3-deficient mice showed that the absence of CXCR3 delayed the normal recovery of body weight and increased the brain parasite burden, suggesting that CXCR3 plays a role in the control of pathology in the brain, the site where chronic infection occurs. Therefore, to further analyze the function of CXCR3 in the brain, we profiled the gene expression patterns of primary astrocytes and microglia by RNA sequencing and subsequent analyses. CXCR3 deficiency impaired the normal upregulation of immune-related genes during <i>T. gondii</i> infection, in astrocytes and microglia alike. Collectively, our results suggest that the immune-related genes upregulated by CXCR3 perform a particular role in controlling pathology when the host is chronically infected with <i>T. gondii</i> in the brain.
format	article
author	Kousuke Umeda Youta Goto Kenichi Watanabe Nanako Ushio Ragab M. Fereig Fumiaki Ihara Sachi Tanaka Yutaka Suzuki Yoshifumi Nishikawa
author_facet	Kousuke Umeda Youta Goto Kenichi Watanabe Nanako Ushio Ragab M. Fereig Fumiaki Ihara Sachi Tanaka Yutaka Suzuki Yoshifumi Nishikawa
author_sort	Kousuke Umeda
title	Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effects of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Deficiency on Immune Responses in the Mouse Brain during <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection
title_short	Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effects of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Deficiency on Immune Responses in the Mouse Brain during <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection
title_full	Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effects of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Deficiency on Immune Responses in the Mouse Brain during <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection
title_fullStr	Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effects of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Deficiency on Immune Responses in the Mouse Brain during <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection
title_full_unstemmed	Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effects of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Deficiency on Immune Responses in the Mouse Brain during <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection
title_sort	transcriptomic analysis of the effects of chemokine receptor cxcr3 deficiency on immune responses in the mouse brain during <i>toxoplasma gondii</i> infection
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ce5db034c27043eeac1a4b29a5fd72d7
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Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effects of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Deficiency on Immune Responses in the Mouse Brain during <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection

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