Substrate Entrainment, Depositional Relief, and Sediment Capture: Impact of a Submarine Landslide on Flow Process and Sediment Supply

Submarine landslides can generate complicated patterns of seafloor relief that influence subsequent flow behaviour and sediment dispersal patterns. In subsurface studies, the term mass transport deposits (MTDs) is commonly used and covers a range of processes and resultant deposits. While the large-...

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Autores principales:	A. Martínez-Doñate, A. M-L. J. Privat, D. M. Hodgson, C. A-L. Jackson, I. A. Kane, Y. T. Spychala, R. A. Duller, C. Stevenson, E. Keavney, E. Schwarz, S. S. Flint
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	foundering dynamic topography confinement submarine landslide deposits submarine lobe Neuquén basin (Argentina) Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ce5f363ee7784d4ba3ee2fbb825354a8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ce5f363ee7784d4ba3ee2fbb825354a82021-11-16T11:53:54ZSubstrate Entrainment, Depositional Relief, and Sediment Capture: Impact of a Submarine Landslide on Flow Process and Sediment Supply2296-646310.3389/feart.2021.757617https://doaj.org/article/ce5f363ee7784d4ba3ee2fbb825354a82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.757617/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-6463Submarine landslides can generate complicated patterns of seafloor relief that influence subsequent flow behaviour and sediment dispersal patterns. In subsurface studies, the term mass transport deposits (MTDs) is commonly used and covers a range of processes and resultant deposits. While the large-scale morphology of submarine landslide deposits can be resolved in seismic reflection data, the nature of their upper surface and its impact on both facies distributions and stratal architecture of overlying deposits is rarely resolvable. However, field-based studies often allow a more detailed characterisation of the deposit. The early post-rift Middle Jurassic deep-water succession of the Los Molles Formation is exceptionally well-exposed along a dip-orientated WSW-ENE outcrop belt in the Chacay Melehue depocentre, Neuquén Basin, Argentina. We correlate 27 sedimentary logs constrained by marker beds to document the sedimentology and architecture of a >47 m thick and at least 9.6 km long debrite, which contains two different types of megaclasts. The debrite overlies ramps and steps, indicating erosion and substrate entrainment. Two distinct sandstone-dominated units overlie the debrite. The lower sandstone unit is characterised by: 1) abrupt thickness changes, wedging and progressive rotation of laminae in sandstone beds associated with growth strata; and 2) detached sandstone load balls within the underlying debrite. The combination of these features suggests syn-sedimentary foundering processes due to density instabilities at the top of the fluid-saturated mud-rich debrite. The debrite relief controlled the spatial distribution of foundered sandstones. The upper sandstone unit is characterised by thin-bedded deposits, locally overlain by medium-to thick-bedded lobe axis/off-axis deposits. The thin-beds show local thinning and onlapping onto the debrite, where it develops its highest relief. Facies distributions and stacking patterns record the progradation of submarine lobes and their complex interaction with long-lived debrite-related topography. The emplacement of a kilometre-scale debrite in an otherwise mud-rich basinal setting and accumulation of overlying sand-rich deposits suggests a genetic link between the mass-wasting event and transient coarse clastic sediment supply to an otherwise sand-starved part of the basin. Therefore, submarine landslides demonstrably impact the routing and behaviour of subsequent sediment gravity flows, which must be considered when predicting facies distributions and palaeoenvironments above MTDs in subsurface datasets.A. Martínez-DoñateA. M-L. J. PrivatD. M. HodgsonC. A-L. JacksonI. A. KaneY. T. SpychalaR. A. DullerC. StevensonE. KeavneyE. SchwarzS. S. FlintFrontiers Media S.A.articlefounderingdynamic topographyconfinementsubmarine landslide depositssubmarine lobeNeuquén basin (Argentina)ScienceQENFrontiers in Earth Science, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	foundering dynamic topography confinement submarine landslide deposits submarine lobe Neuquén basin (Argentina) Science Q
spellingShingle	foundering dynamic topography confinement submarine landslide deposits submarine lobe Neuquén basin (Argentina) Science Q A. Martínez-Doñate A. M-L. J. Privat D. M. Hodgson C. A-L. Jackson I. A. Kane Y. T. Spychala R. A. Duller C. Stevenson E. Keavney E. Schwarz S. S. Flint Substrate Entrainment, Depositional Relief, and Sediment Capture: Impact of a Submarine Landslide on Flow Process and Sediment Supply
description	Submarine landslides can generate complicated patterns of seafloor relief that influence subsequent flow behaviour and sediment dispersal patterns. In subsurface studies, the term mass transport deposits (MTDs) is commonly used and covers a range of processes and resultant deposits. While the large-scale morphology of submarine landslide deposits can be resolved in seismic reflection data, the nature of their upper surface and its impact on both facies distributions and stratal architecture of overlying deposits is rarely resolvable. However, field-based studies often allow a more detailed characterisation of the deposit. The early post-rift Middle Jurassic deep-water succession of the Los Molles Formation is exceptionally well-exposed along a dip-orientated WSW-ENE outcrop belt in the Chacay Melehue depocentre, Neuquén Basin, Argentina. We correlate 27 sedimentary logs constrained by marker beds to document the sedimentology and architecture of a >47 m thick and at least 9.6 km long debrite, which contains two different types of megaclasts. The debrite overlies ramps and steps, indicating erosion and substrate entrainment. Two distinct sandstone-dominated units overlie the debrite. The lower sandstone unit is characterised by: 1) abrupt thickness changes, wedging and progressive rotation of laminae in sandstone beds associated with growth strata; and 2) detached sandstone load balls within the underlying debrite. The combination of these features suggests syn-sedimentary foundering processes due to density instabilities at the top of the fluid-saturated mud-rich debrite. The debrite relief controlled the spatial distribution of foundered sandstones. The upper sandstone unit is characterised by thin-bedded deposits, locally overlain by medium-to thick-bedded lobe axis/off-axis deposits. The thin-beds show local thinning and onlapping onto the debrite, where it develops its highest relief. Facies distributions and stacking patterns record the progradation of submarine lobes and their complex interaction with long-lived debrite-related topography. The emplacement of a kilometre-scale debrite in an otherwise mud-rich basinal setting and accumulation of overlying sand-rich deposits suggests a genetic link between the mass-wasting event and transient coarse clastic sediment supply to an otherwise sand-starved part of the basin. Therefore, submarine landslides demonstrably impact the routing and behaviour of subsequent sediment gravity flows, which must be considered when predicting facies distributions and palaeoenvironments above MTDs in subsurface datasets.
format	article
author	A. Martínez-Doñate A. M-L. J. Privat D. M. Hodgson C. A-L. Jackson I. A. Kane Y. T. Spychala R. A. Duller C. Stevenson E. Keavney E. Schwarz S. S. Flint
author_facet	A. Martínez-Doñate A. M-L. J. Privat D. M. Hodgson C. A-L. Jackson I. A. Kane Y. T. Spychala R. A. Duller C. Stevenson E. Keavney E. Schwarz S. S. Flint
author_sort	A. Martínez-Doñate
title	Substrate Entrainment, Depositional Relief, and Sediment Capture: Impact of a Submarine Landslide on Flow Process and Sediment Supply
title_short	Substrate Entrainment, Depositional Relief, and Sediment Capture: Impact of a Submarine Landslide on Flow Process and Sediment Supply
title_full	Substrate Entrainment, Depositional Relief, and Sediment Capture: Impact of a Submarine Landslide on Flow Process and Sediment Supply
title_fullStr	Substrate Entrainment, Depositional Relief, and Sediment Capture: Impact of a Submarine Landslide on Flow Process and Sediment Supply
title_full_unstemmed	Substrate Entrainment, Depositional Relief, and Sediment Capture: Impact of a Submarine Landslide on Flow Process and Sediment Supply
title_sort	substrate entrainment, depositional relief, and sediment capture: impact of a submarine landslide on flow process and sediment supply
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ce5f363ee7784d4ba3ee2fbb825354a8
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Substrate Entrainment, Depositional Relief, and Sediment Capture: Impact of a Submarine Landslide on Flow Process and Sediment Supply

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