Aquatic Environment Exposure and Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials Released from Nano-Enabled Products: Current Status and Data Needs

Rapid commercialisation of nano-enabled products (NEPs) elevates the potential environmental release of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) along the product life cycle. The current review examined the state of the art literature on aquatic environment exposure and ecotoxicity of product released (PR) e...

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Autores principales:	Mbuyiselwa Shadrack Moloi, Raisibe Florence Lehutso, Mariana Erasmus, Paul Johan Oberholster, Melusi Thwala
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	product released nanomaterials nano-enabled product risk assessment ecotoxicology of PR–ENMs Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ce6902a80fcb4af495bce95079a745a0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ce6902a80fcb4af495bce95079a745a02021-11-25T18:30:28ZAquatic Environment Exposure and Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials Released from Nano-Enabled Products: Current Status and Data Needs10.3390/nano111128682079-4991https://doaj.org/article/ce6902a80fcb4af495bce95079a745a02021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/2868https://doaj.org/toc/2079-4991Rapid commercialisation of nano-enabled products (NEPs) elevates the potential environmental release of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) along the product life cycle. The current review examined the state of the art literature on aquatic environment exposure and ecotoxicity of product released (PR) engineered nanomaterials (PR–ENMs). Additionally, the data obtained were applied to estimate the risk posed by PR–ENMs to various trophic levels of aquatic biota as a means of identifying priority NEPs cases that may require attention with regards to examining environmental implications. Overall, the PR–ENMs are predominantly associated with the matrix of the respective NEPs, a factor that often hinders proper isolation of nano-driven toxicity effects. Nevertheless, some studies have attributed the toxicity basis of observed adverse effects to a combination of the released ions, ENMs and other components of NEPs. Notwithstanding the limitation of current ecotoxicology data limitations, the risk estimated herein points to an elevated risk towards fish arising from fabrics’ PR–nAg, and the considerable potential effects from sunscreens’ PR–nZnO and PR–nTiO<sub>2</sub> to algae, echinoderms, and crustaceans (PR–nZnO), whereas PR–nTiO<sub>2</sub> poses no significant risk to echinoderms. Considering that the current data limitations will not be overcome immediately, we recommend the careful application of similar risk estimation to isolate/prioritise cases of NEPs for detailed characterisation of ENMs’ release and effects in aquatic environments.Mbuyiselwa Shadrack MoloiRaisibe Florence LehutsoMariana ErasmusPaul Johan OberholsterMelusi ThwalaMDPI AGarticleproduct released nanomaterialsnano-enabled productrisk assessmentecotoxicology of PR–ENMsChemistryQD1-999ENNanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 2868, p 2868 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	product released nanomaterials nano-enabled product risk assessment ecotoxicology of PR–ENMs Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	product released nanomaterials nano-enabled product risk assessment ecotoxicology of PR–ENMs Chemistry QD1-999 Mbuyiselwa Shadrack Moloi Raisibe Florence Lehutso Mariana Erasmus Paul Johan Oberholster Melusi Thwala Aquatic Environment Exposure and Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials Released from Nano-Enabled Products: Current Status and Data Needs
description	Rapid commercialisation of nano-enabled products (NEPs) elevates the potential environmental release of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) along the product life cycle. The current review examined the state of the art literature on aquatic environment exposure and ecotoxicity of product released (PR) engineered nanomaterials (PR–ENMs). Additionally, the data obtained were applied to estimate the risk posed by PR–ENMs to various trophic levels of aquatic biota as a means of identifying priority NEPs cases that may require attention with regards to examining environmental implications. Overall, the PR–ENMs are predominantly associated with the matrix of the respective NEPs, a factor that often hinders proper isolation of nano-driven toxicity effects. Nevertheless, some studies have attributed the toxicity basis of observed adverse effects to a combination of the released ions, ENMs and other components of NEPs. Notwithstanding the limitation of current ecotoxicology data limitations, the risk estimated herein points to an elevated risk towards fish arising from fabrics’ PR–nAg, and the considerable potential effects from sunscreens’ PR–nZnO and PR–nTiO<sub>2</sub> to algae, echinoderms, and crustaceans (PR–nZnO), whereas PR–nTiO<sub>2</sub> poses no significant risk to echinoderms. Considering that the current data limitations will not be overcome immediately, we recommend the careful application of similar risk estimation to isolate/prioritise cases of NEPs for detailed characterisation of ENMs’ release and effects in aquatic environments.
format	article
author	Mbuyiselwa Shadrack Moloi Raisibe Florence Lehutso Mariana Erasmus Paul Johan Oberholster Melusi Thwala
author_facet	Mbuyiselwa Shadrack Moloi Raisibe Florence Lehutso Mariana Erasmus Paul Johan Oberholster Melusi Thwala
author_sort	Mbuyiselwa Shadrack Moloi
title	Aquatic Environment Exposure and Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials Released from Nano-Enabled Products: Current Status and Data Needs
title_short	Aquatic Environment Exposure and Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials Released from Nano-Enabled Products: Current Status and Data Needs
title_full	Aquatic Environment Exposure and Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials Released from Nano-Enabled Products: Current Status and Data Needs
title_fullStr	Aquatic Environment Exposure and Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials Released from Nano-Enabled Products: Current Status and Data Needs
title_full_unstemmed	Aquatic Environment Exposure and Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials Released from Nano-Enabled Products: Current Status and Data Needs
title_sort	aquatic environment exposure and toxicity of engineered nanomaterials released from nano-enabled products: current status and data needs
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ce6902a80fcb4af495bce95079a745a0
work_keys_str_mv	AT mbuyiselwashadrackmoloi aquaticenvironmentexposureandtoxicityofengineerednanomaterialsreleasedfromnanoenabledproductscurrentstatusanddataneeds AT raisibeflorencelehutso aquaticenvironmentexposureandtoxicityofengineerednanomaterialsreleasedfromnanoenabledproductscurrentstatusanddataneeds AT marianaerasmus aquaticenvironmentexposureandtoxicityofengineerednanomaterialsreleasedfromnanoenabledproductscurrentstatusanddataneeds AT pauljohanoberholster aquaticenvironmentexposureandtoxicityofengineerednanomaterialsreleasedfromnanoenabledproductscurrentstatusanddataneeds AT melusithwala aquaticenvironmentexposureandtoxicityofengineerednanomaterialsreleasedfromnanoenabledproductscurrentstatusanddataneeds
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Aquatic Environment Exposure and Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials Released from Nano-Enabled Products: Current Status and Data Needs

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