Subseafloor sulphide deposit formed by pumice replacement mineralisation

Abstract Seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) deposits, modern analogues of volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits on land, represent future resources of base and precious metals. Studies of VMS deposits have proposed two emplacement mechanisms for SMS deposits: exhalative deposition on the seafloo...

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Autores principales:	Tatsuo Nozaki, Toshiro Nagase, Yutaro Takaya, Toru Yamasaki, Tsubasa Otake, Kotaro Yonezu, Kei Ikehata, Shuhei Totsuka, Kazuya Kitada, Yoshinori Sanada, Yasuhiro Yamada, Jun-ichiro Ishibashi, Hidenori Kumagai, Lena Maeda, the D/V Chikyu Expedition 909 Scientists
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ce91edaedaf14042917c9df2810e79d6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ce91edaedaf14042917c9df2810e79d62021-12-02T13:44:15ZSubseafloor sulphide deposit formed by pumice replacement mineralisation10.1038/s41598-021-87050-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ce91edaedaf14042917c9df2810e79d62021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87050-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) deposits, modern analogues of volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits on land, represent future resources of base and precious metals. Studies of VMS deposits have proposed two emplacement mechanisms for SMS deposits: exhalative deposition on the seafloor and mineral and void space replacement beneath the seafloor. The details of the latter mechanism are poorly characterised in detail, despite its potentially significant role in global metal cycling throughout Earth’s history, because in-situ studies require costly drilling campaigns to sample SMS deposits. Here, we interpret petrographic, geochemical and geophysical data from drill holes in a modern SMS deposit and demonstrate that it formed via subseafloor replacement of pumice. Samples from the sulphide body and overlying sediment at the Hakurei Site, Izena Hole, middle Okinawa Trough indicate that sulphides initially formed as aggregates of framboidal pyrite and matured into colloform and euhedral pyrite, which were replaced by chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. The initial framboidal pyrite is closely associated with altered material derived from pumice, and alternating layers of pumiceous and hemipelagic sediments functioned as a factory of sulphide mineralisation. We infer that anhydrite-rich layers within the hemipelagic sediment forced hydrothermal fluids to flow laterally, controlling precipitation of a sulphide body extending hundreds of meters.Tatsuo NozakiToshiro NagaseYutaro TakayaToru YamasakiTsubasa OtakeKotaro YonezuKei IkehataShuhei TotsukaKazuya KitadaYoshinori SanadaYasuhiro YamadaJun-ichiro IshibashiHidenori KumagaiLena Maedathe D/V Chikyu Expedition 909 ScientistsNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tatsuo Nozaki Toshiro Nagase Yutaro Takaya Toru Yamasaki Tsubasa Otake Kotaro Yonezu Kei Ikehata Shuhei Totsuka Kazuya Kitada Yoshinori Sanada Yasuhiro Yamada Jun-ichiro Ishibashi Hidenori Kumagai Lena Maeda the D/V Chikyu Expedition 909 Scientists Subseafloor sulphide deposit formed by pumice replacement mineralisation
description	Abstract Seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) deposits, modern analogues of volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits on land, represent future resources of base and precious metals. Studies of VMS deposits have proposed two emplacement mechanisms for SMS deposits: exhalative deposition on the seafloor and mineral and void space replacement beneath the seafloor. The details of the latter mechanism are poorly characterised in detail, despite its potentially significant role in global metal cycling throughout Earth’s history, because in-situ studies require costly drilling campaigns to sample SMS deposits. Here, we interpret petrographic, geochemical and geophysical data from drill holes in a modern SMS deposit and demonstrate that it formed via subseafloor replacement of pumice. Samples from the sulphide body and overlying sediment at the Hakurei Site, Izena Hole, middle Okinawa Trough indicate that sulphides initially formed as aggregates of framboidal pyrite and matured into colloform and euhedral pyrite, which were replaced by chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. The initial framboidal pyrite is closely associated with altered material derived from pumice, and alternating layers of pumiceous and hemipelagic sediments functioned as a factory of sulphide mineralisation. We infer that anhydrite-rich layers within the hemipelagic sediment forced hydrothermal fluids to flow laterally, controlling precipitation of a sulphide body extending hundreds of meters.
format	article
author	Tatsuo Nozaki Toshiro Nagase Yutaro Takaya Toru Yamasaki Tsubasa Otake Kotaro Yonezu Kei Ikehata Shuhei Totsuka Kazuya Kitada Yoshinori Sanada Yasuhiro Yamada Jun-ichiro Ishibashi Hidenori Kumagai Lena Maeda the D/V Chikyu Expedition 909 Scientists
author_facet	Tatsuo Nozaki Toshiro Nagase Yutaro Takaya Toru Yamasaki Tsubasa Otake Kotaro Yonezu Kei Ikehata Shuhei Totsuka Kazuya Kitada Yoshinori Sanada Yasuhiro Yamada Jun-ichiro Ishibashi Hidenori Kumagai Lena Maeda the D/V Chikyu Expedition 909 Scientists
author_sort	Tatsuo Nozaki
title	Subseafloor sulphide deposit formed by pumice replacement mineralisation
title_short	Subseafloor sulphide deposit formed by pumice replacement mineralisation
title_full	Subseafloor sulphide deposit formed by pumice replacement mineralisation
title_fullStr	Subseafloor sulphide deposit formed by pumice replacement mineralisation
title_full_unstemmed	Subseafloor sulphide deposit formed by pumice replacement mineralisation
title_sort	subseafloor sulphide deposit formed by pumice replacement mineralisation
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ce91edaedaf14042917c9df2810e79d6
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Subseafloor sulphide deposit formed by pumice replacement mineralisation

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