Identification of BDS Satellite Clock Periodic Signals Based on Lomb-Scargle Power Spectrum and Continuous Wavelet Transform

Onboard satellite clocks are the basis of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) operation, and their revolution periods are at the level of 2 per day (about 12 h) in the case of the Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites. In this work, the authors analysed the entire BeiDou Navigation Satellite Sy...

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Autores principales:	Jacek Kudrys, Dominik Prochniewicz, Fang Zhang, Mateusz Jakubiak, Kamil Maciuk
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	satellite GNSS period time clock BeiDou Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ce9b705935214153839850f4e3ad4a47
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ce9b705935214153839850f4e3ad4a472021-11-11T15:56:16ZIdentification of BDS Satellite Clock Periodic Signals Based on Lomb-Scargle Power Spectrum and Continuous Wavelet Transform10.3390/en142171551996-1073https://doaj.org/article/ce9b705935214153839850f4e3ad4a472021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/7155https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073Onboard satellite clocks are the basis of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) operation, and their revolution periods are at the level of 2 per day (about 12 h) in the case of the Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites. In this work, the authors analysed the entire BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) space segment (BDS-2 and BDS-3) in terms of the occurrence of periodic, repetitive signals in the clock products, and checked if they coincide with the orbital periods or their multiples. The Lomb-Scargle (L-S) power spectrum was used as a tool to determine the periods present in the BDS clock products, allowing for analyses based on incomplete input data; in this case, the incomplete data were the phase data with jumps and outliers removed. In addition, continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was used to produce a time−frequency representation showing the more complex behaviour of the satellite clock products. As shown in the case of geostationary and geosynchronous inclined orbit satellites, the main period was 23.935 h, while for the Medium Earth Orbit it was 12.887 h, with the BDS satellite orbital period being 12 h 53 m (12.883 h). Some effects connected with reference clock swapping are also visible in the power spectrum. The conducted analyses showed that the BDS-2 satellite clocks have much higher noise than the BDS-3 satellite clocks, meaning that the number of designated periods is greater, but their reliability is significantly lower. BDS-3 satellites have only been in operation for a very short time, thus this is the first analysis to include this type of data. Moreover, such a wide and complex analysis has not been carried out to date.Jacek KudrysDominik ProchniewiczFang ZhangMateusz JakubiakKamil MaciukMDPI AGarticlesatelliteGNSSperiodtimeclockBeiDouTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7155, p 7155 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	satellite GNSS period time clock BeiDou Technology T
spellingShingle	satellite GNSS period time clock BeiDou Technology T Jacek Kudrys Dominik Prochniewicz Fang Zhang Mateusz Jakubiak Kamil Maciuk Identification of BDS Satellite Clock Periodic Signals Based on Lomb-Scargle Power Spectrum and Continuous Wavelet Transform
description	Onboard satellite clocks are the basis of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) operation, and their revolution periods are at the level of 2 per day (about 12 h) in the case of the Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites. In this work, the authors analysed the entire BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) space segment (BDS-2 and BDS-3) in terms of the occurrence of periodic, repetitive signals in the clock products, and checked if they coincide with the orbital periods or their multiples. The Lomb-Scargle (L-S) power spectrum was used as a tool to determine the periods present in the BDS clock products, allowing for analyses based on incomplete input data; in this case, the incomplete data were the phase data with jumps and outliers removed. In addition, continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was used to produce a time−frequency representation showing the more complex behaviour of the satellite clock products. As shown in the case of geostationary and geosynchronous inclined orbit satellites, the main period was 23.935 h, while for the Medium Earth Orbit it was 12.887 h, with the BDS satellite orbital period being 12 h 53 m (12.883 h). Some effects connected with reference clock swapping are also visible in the power spectrum. The conducted analyses showed that the BDS-2 satellite clocks have much higher noise than the BDS-3 satellite clocks, meaning that the number of designated periods is greater, but their reliability is significantly lower. BDS-3 satellites have only been in operation for a very short time, thus this is the first analysis to include this type of data. Moreover, such a wide and complex analysis has not been carried out to date.
format	article
author	Jacek Kudrys Dominik Prochniewicz Fang Zhang Mateusz Jakubiak Kamil Maciuk
author_facet	Jacek Kudrys Dominik Prochniewicz Fang Zhang Mateusz Jakubiak Kamil Maciuk
author_sort	Jacek Kudrys
title	Identification of BDS Satellite Clock Periodic Signals Based on Lomb-Scargle Power Spectrum and Continuous Wavelet Transform
title_short	Identification of BDS Satellite Clock Periodic Signals Based on Lomb-Scargle Power Spectrum and Continuous Wavelet Transform
title_full	Identification of BDS Satellite Clock Periodic Signals Based on Lomb-Scargle Power Spectrum and Continuous Wavelet Transform
title_fullStr	Identification of BDS Satellite Clock Periodic Signals Based on Lomb-Scargle Power Spectrum and Continuous Wavelet Transform
title_full_unstemmed	Identification of BDS Satellite Clock Periodic Signals Based on Lomb-Scargle Power Spectrum and Continuous Wavelet Transform
title_sort	identification of bds satellite clock periodic signals based on lomb-scargle power spectrum and continuous wavelet transform
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ce9b705935214153839850f4e3ad4a47
work_keys_str_mv	AT jacekkudrys identificationofbdssatelliteclockperiodicsignalsbasedonlombscarglepowerspectrumandcontinuouswavelettransform AT dominikprochniewicz identificationofbdssatelliteclockperiodicsignalsbasedonlombscarglepowerspectrumandcontinuouswavelettransform AT fangzhang identificationofbdssatelliteclockperiodicsignalsbasedonlombscarglepowerspectrumandcontinuouswavelettransform AT mateuszjakubiak identificationofbdssatelliteclockperiodicsignalsbasedonlombscarglepowerspectrumandcontinuouswavelettransform AT kamilmaciuk identificationofbdssatelliteclockperiodicsignalsbasedonlombscarglepowerspectrumandcontinuouswavelettransform
_version_	1718432630195617792

Identification of BDS Satellite Clock Periodic Signals Based on Lomb-Scargle Power Spectrum and Continuous Wavelet Transform

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