Increasing Temperature and Relative Humidity Accelerates Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces

ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in China in late 2019 and is caused by newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Previous studies had reported the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture media and deposited onto surfaces under a...

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Autores principales:	Jennifer Biryukov, Jeremy A. Boydston, Rebecca A. Dunning, John J. Yeager, Stewart Wood, Amy L. Reese, Allison Ferris, David Miller, Wade Weaver, Nathalie E. Zeitouni, Aaron Phillips, Denise Freeburger, Idris Hooper, Shanna Ratnesar-Shumate, Jason Yolitz, Melissa Krause, Gregory Williams, David G. Dawson, Artemas Herzog, Paul Dabisch, Victoria Wahl, Michael C. Hevey, Louis A. Altamura
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 contamination coronavirus fomite half-life Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cea2020d20cd428da62c26b6ade714b8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cea2020d20cd428da62c26b6ade714b82021-11-15T15:30:51ZIncreasing Temperature and Relative Humidity Accelerates Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces10.1128/mSphere.00441-202379-5042https://doaj.org/article/cea2020d20cd428da62c26b6ade714b82020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00441-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in China in late 2019 and is caused by newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Previous studies had reported the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture media and deposited onto surfaces under a limited set of environmental conditions. Here, we broadly investigated the effects of relative humidity, temperature, and droplet size on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in a simulated clinically relevant matrix dried on nonporous surfaces. The results show that SARS-CoV-2 decayed more rapidly when either humidity or temperature was increased but that droplet volume (1 to 50 μl) and surface type (stainless steel, plastic, or nitrile glove) did not significantly impact decay rate. At room temperature (24°C), virus half-life ranged from 6.3 to 18.6 h depending on the relative humidity but was reduced to 1.0 to 8.9 h when the temperature was increased to 35°C. These findings suggest that a potential for fomite transmission may persist for hours to days in indoor environments and have implications for assessment of the risk posed by surface contamination in indoor environments. IMPORTANCE Mitigating the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical settings and public spaces is critically important to reduce the number of COVID-19 cases while effective vaccines and therapeutics are under development. SARS-CoV-2 transmission is thought to primarily occur through direct person-to-person transfer of infectious respiratory droplets or through aerosol-generating medical procedures. However, contact with contaminated surfaces may also play a significant role. In this context, understanding the factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 persistence on surfaces will enable a more accurate estimation of the risk of contact transmission and inform mitigation strategies. To this end, we have developed a simple mathematical model that can be used to estimate virus decay on nonporous surfaces under a range of conditions and which may be utilized operationally to identify indoor environments in which the virus is most persistent.Jennifer BiryukovJeremy A. BoydstonRebecca A. DunningJohn J. YeagerStewart WoodAmy L. ReeseAllison FerrisDavid MillerWade WeaverNathalie E. ZeitouniAaron PhillipsDenise FreeburgerIdris HooperShanna Ratnesar-ShumateJason YolitzMelissa KrauseGregory WilliamsDavid G. DawsonArtemas HerzogPaul DabischVictoria WahlMichael C. HeveyLouis A. AltamuraAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2contaminationcoronavirusfomitehalf-lifeMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 5, Iss 4 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 contamination coronavirus fomite half-life Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 contamination coronavirus fomite half-life Microbiology QR1-502 Jennifer Biryukov Jeremy A. Boydston Rebecca A. Dunning John J. Yeager Stewart Wood Amy L. Reese Allison Ferris David Miller Wade Weaver Nathalie E. Zeitouni Aaron Phillips Denise Freeburger Idris Hooper Shanna Ratnesar-Shumate Jason Yolitz Melissa Krause Gregory Williams David G. Dawson Artemas Herzog Paul Dabisch Victoria Wahl Michael C. Hevey Louis A. Altamura Increasing Temperature and Relative Humidity Accelerates Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces
description	ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in China in late 2019 and is caused by newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Previous studies had reported the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture media and deposited onto surfaces under a limited set of environmental conditions. Here, we broadly investigated the effects of relative humidity, temperature, and droplet size on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in a simulated clinically relevant matrix dried on nonporous surfaces. The results show that SARS-CoV-2 decayed more rapidly when either humidity or temperature was increased but that droplet volume (1 to 50 μl) and surface type (stainless steel, plastic, or nitrile glove) did not significantly impact decay rate. At room temperature (24°C), virus half-life ranged from 6.3 to 18.6 h depending on the relative humidity but was reduced to 1.0 to 8.9 h when the temperature was increased to 35°C. These findings suggest that a potential for fomite transmission may persist for hours to days in indoor environments and have implications for assessment of the risk posed by surface contamination in indoor environments. IMPORTANCE Mitigating the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical settings and public spaces is critically important to reduce the number of COVID-19 cases while effective vaccines and therapeutics are under development. SARS-CoV-2 transmission is thought to primarily occur through direct person-to-person transfer of infectious respiratory droplets or through aerosol-generating medical procedures. However, contact with contaminated surfaces may also play a significant role. In this context, understanding the factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 persistence on surfaces will enable a more accurate estimation of the risk of contact transmission and inform mitigation strategies. To this end, we have developed a simple mathematical model that can be used to estimate virus decay on nonporous surfaces under a range of conditions and which may be utilized operationally to identify indoor environments in which the virus is most persistent.
format	article
author	Jennifer Biryukov Jeremy A. Boydston Rebecca A. Dunning John J. Yeager Stewart Wood Amy L. Reese Allison Ferris David Miller Wade Weaver Nathalie E. Zeitouni Aaron Phillips Denise Freeburger Idris Hooper Shanna Ratnesar-Shumate Jason Yolitz Melissa Krause Gregory Williams David G. Dawson Artemas Herzog Paul Dabisch Victoria Wahl Michael C. Hevey Louis A. Altamura
author_facet	Jennifer Biryukov Jeremy A. Boydston Rebecca A. Dunning John J. Yeager Stewart Wood Amy L. Reese Allison Ferris David Miller Wade Weaver Nathalie E. Zeitouni Aaron Phillips Denise Freeburger Idris Hooper Shanna Ratnesar-Shumate Jason Yolitz Melissa Krause Gregory Williams David G. Dawson Artemas Herzog Paul Dabisch Victoria Wahl Michael C. Hevey Louis A. Altamura
author_sort	Jennifer Biryukov
title	Increasing Temperature and Relative Humidity Accelerates Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces
title_short	Increasing Temperature and Relative Humidity Accelerates Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces
title_full	Increasing Temperature and Relative Humidity Accelerates Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces
title_fullStr	Increasing Temperature and Relative Humidity Accelerates Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces
title_full_unstemmed	Increasing Temperature and Relative Humidity Accelerates Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces
title_sort	increasing temperature and relative humidity accelerates inactivation of sars-cov-2 on surfaces
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/cea2020d20cd428da62c26b6ade714b8
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Increasing Temperature and Relative Humidity Accelerates Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces

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