Association between alcohol and crack: Prevalence, effects, associated factors and experiences of combined use.

<h4>Objective</h4>To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the effect of alcohol on crack cocaine use and to analyze experiences related to combined use. Materials and methods: sequential mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) research, carried out between August 2014...

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Autores principales:	Naíde Teodósio Valois-Santos, Renata Barreto Fernandes de Almeida, Iracema de Jesus Almeida Alves Jacques, Daianny de Paula Santos, Keila Silene de Brito E Silva, Solange Aparecida Nappo, Ana Maria de Brito
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ced867a513ea44eca2eb97dfe8cc94b2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ced867a513ea44eca2eb97dfe8cc94b22021-12-02T20:08:38ZAssociation between alcohol and crack: Prevalence, effects, associated factors and experiences of combined use.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0256414https://doaj.org/article/ced867a513ea44eca2eb97dfe8cc94b22021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256414https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Objective</h4>To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the effect of alcohol on crack cocaine use and to analyze experiences related to combined use. Materials and methods: sequential mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) research, carried out between August 2014 and August 2015 with people who use crack. In the quantitative approach, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,062 participants. Factors associated with "alcohol use with the effect of increasing the effect of crack/crack craving" were estimated by multiple regression. In the qualitative approach, 39 interviews were conducted using Bardin's content analysis technique.<h4>Results</h4>871 (82.0%) participants reported consuming alcohol, among them, 668 (76.7%) used alcohol combined with crack: 219 (32.8%) reported feeling an effect of reduction in paranoia and/or crack craving and 384 (57.5%) reported feeling an increase in the effect of crack and in the craving to consume the drug. This relationship was also observed in the narratives of the people who use crack, with the possibility of a cyclic effect of consumption of the two substances. Those who related alcohol use to the effect of increasing crack craving (384) were more likely to use alcohol before crack (OR: 1.81; 95%CI: 1.13-2.89); to consume more than 20 stones daily (OR: 1.48; 95%CI: 1.01-2.16); to remain in abstinence from crack for less than one month (OR: 3.20; 95%CI: 1.91-5.35); to use dependence treatment services (OR: 1.85; 95%CI: 1.26-2.71); and to commit physical violence (OR:1.67; 95%CI:1.08-2.56).<h4>Conclusion</h4>The findings of this study indicate that the modulation of the effect of alcohol use on crack cocaine depends on the moment when the drugs are consumed, and the use of alcohol before crack consumption is associated with characteristics that suggest a greater vulnerability to patterns of harmful crack use. Even though combined use is referred to as a way of reducing the negative effects of crack, the damage of this association may be greater than its possible benefits.Naíde Teodósio Valois-SantosRenata Barreto Fernandes de AlmeidaIracema de Jesus Almeida Alves JacquesDaianny de Paula SantosKeila Silene de Brito E SilvaSolange Aparecida NappoAna Maria de BritoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0256414 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Naíde Teodósio Valois-Santos Renata Barreto Fernandes de Almeida Iracema de Jesus Almeida Alves Jacques Daianny de Paula Santos Keila Silene de Brito E Silva Solange Aparecida Nappo Ana Maria de Brito Association between alcohol and crack: Prevalence, effects, associated factors and experiences of combined use.
description	<h4>Objective</h4>To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the effect of alcohol on crack cocaine use and to analyze experiences related to combined use. Materials and methods: sequential mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) research, carried out between August 2014 and August 2015 with people who use crack. In the quantitative approach, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,062 participants. Factors associated with "alcohol use with the effect of increasing the effect of crack/crack craving" were estimated by multiple regression. In the qualitative approach, 39 interviews were conducted using Bardin's content analysis technique.<h4>Results</h4>871 (82.0%) participants reported consuming alcohol, among them, 668 (76.7%) used alcohol combined with crack: 219 (32.8%) reported feeling an effect of reduction in paranoia and/or crack craving and 384 (57.5%) reported feeling an increase in the effect of crack and in the craving to consume the drug. This relationship was also observed in the narratives of the people who use crack, with the possibility of a cyclic effect of consumption of the two substances. Those who related alcohol use to the effect of increasing crack craving (384) were more likely to use alcohol before crack (OR: 1.81; 95%CI: 1.13-2.89); to consume more than 20 stones daily (OR: 1.48; 95%CI: 1.01-2.16); to remain in abstinence from crack for less than one month (OR: 3.20; 95%CI: 1.91-5.35); to use dependence treatment services (OR: 1.85; 95%CI: 1.26-2.71); and to commit physical violence (OR:1.67; 95%CI:1.08-2.56).<h4>Conclusion</h4>The findings of this study indicate that the modulation of the effect of alcohol use on crack cocaine depends on the moment when the drugs are consumed, and the use of alcohol before crack consumption is associated with characteristics that suggest a greater vulnerability to patterns of harmful crack use. Even though combined use is referred to as a way of reducing the negative effects of crack, the damage of this association may be greater than its possible benefits.
format	article
author	Naíde Teodósio Valois-Santos Renata Barreto Fernandes de Almeida Iracema de Jesus Almeida Alves Jacques Daianny de Paula Santos Keila Silene de Brito E Silva Solange Aparecida Nappo Ana Maria de Brito
author_facet	Naíde Teodósio Valois-Santos Renata Barreto Fernandes de Almeida Iracema de Jesus Almeida Alves Jacques Daianny de Paula Santos Keila Silene de Brito E Silva Solange Aparecida Nappo Ana Maria de Brito
author_sort	Naíde Teodósio Valois-Santos
title	Association between alcohol and crack: Prevalence, effects, associated factors and experiences of combined use.
title_short	Association between alcohol and crack: Prevalence, effects, associated factors and experiences of combined use.
title_full	Association between alcohol and crack: Prevalence, effects, associated factors and experiences of combined use.
title_fullStr	Association between alcohol and crack: Prevalence, effects, associated factors and experiences of combined use.
title_full_unstemmed	Association between alcohol and crack: Prevalence, effects, associated factors and experiences of combined use.
title_sort	association between alcohol and crack: prevalence, effects, associated factors and experiences of combined use.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ced867a513ea44eca2eb97dfe8cc94b2
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Association between alcohol and crack: Prevalence, effects, associated factors and experiences of combined use.

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