TLR-Mediated Signal Transduction and Neurodegenerative Disorders
A special class of proteins called Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an essential part of the innate immune system, connecting it to the adaptive immune system. There are 10 different Toll-Like Receptors that have been identified in human beings. TLRs are part of the central nervous system (CNS), showi...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:cf057276433a4cfd86929992216cfa772021-11-25T16:55:59ZTLR-Mediated Signal Transduction and Neurodegenerative Disorders10.3390/brainsci111113732076-3425https://doaj.org/article/cf057276433a4cfd86929992216cfa772021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1373https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3425A special class of proteins called Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an essential part of the innate immune system, connecting it to the adaptive immune system. There are 10 different Toll-Like Receptors that have been identified in human beings. TLRs are part of the central nervous system (CNS), showing that the CNS is capable of the immune response, breaking the long-held belief of the brain’s “immune privilege” owing to the blood–brain barrier (BBB). These Toll-Like Receptors are present not just on the resident macrophages of the central nervous system but are also expressed by the neurons to allow them for the production of proinflammatory agents such as interferons, cytokines, and chemokines; the activation and recruitment of glial cells; and their participation in neuronal cell death by apoptosis. This study is focused on the potential roles of various TLRs in various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), namely TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in AD and PD in human beings and a mouse model.Shashank Vishwanath AdhikarlaNiraj Kumar JhaVineet Kumar GoswamiAnkur SharmaAnuradha BhardwajAbhijit DeyChiara VillaYatender KumarSaurabh Kumar JhaMDPI AGarticleTLRsneuroinflammationneuroprotectionneurodegeneration Parkinson’s diseaseAlzheimer’s diseaseNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1373, p 1373 (2021) |
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DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
TLRs neuroinflammation neuroprotection neurodegeneration Parkinson’s disease Alzheimer’s disease Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 |
| spellingShingle |
TLRs neuroinflammation neuroprotection neurodegeneration Parkinson’s disease Alzheimer’s disease Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Shashank Vishwanath Adhikarla Niraj Kumar Jha Vineet Kumar Goswami Ankur Sharma Anuradha Bhardwaj Abhijit Dey Chiara Villa Yatender Kumar Saurabh Kumar Jha TLR-Mediated Signal Transduction and Neurodegenerative Disorders |
| description |
A special class of proteins called Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an essential part of the innate immune system, connecting it to the adaptive immune system. There are 10 different Toll-Like Receptors that have been identified in human beings. TLRs are part of the central nervous system (CNS), showing that the CNS is capable of the immune response, breaking the long-held belief of the brain’s “immune privilege” owing to the blood–brain barrier (BBB). These Toll-Like Receptors are present not just on the resident macrophages of the central nervous system but are also expressed by the neurons to allow them for the production of proinflammatory agents such as interferons, cytokines, and chemokines; the activation and recruitment of glial cells; and their participation in neuronal cell death by apoptosis. This study is focused on the potential roles of various TLRs in various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), namely TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in AD and PD in human beings and a mouse model. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Shashank Vishwanath Adhikarla Niraj Kumar Jha Vineet Kumar Goswami Ankur Sharma Anuradha Bhardwaj Abhijit Dey Chiara Villa Yatender Kumar Saurabh Kumar Jha |
| author_facet |
Shashank Vishwanath Adhikarla Niraj Kumar Jha Vineet Kumar Goswami Ankur Sharma Anuradha Bhardwaj Abhijit Dey Chiara Villa Yatender Kumar Saurabh Kumar Jha |
| author_sort |
Shashank Vishwanath Adhikarla |
| title |
TLR-Mediated Signal Transduction and Neurodegenerative Disorders |
| title_short |
TLR-Mediated Signal Transduction and Neurodegenerative Disorders |
| title_full |
TLR-Mediated Signal Transduction and Neurodegenerative Disorders |
| title_fullStr |
TLR-Mediated Signal Transduction and Neurodegenerative Disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed |
TLR-Mediated Signal Transduction and Neurodegenerative Disorders |
| title_sort |
tlr-mediated signal transduction and neurodegenerative disorders |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/cf057276433a4cfd86929992216cfa77 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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