Object affordances tune observers' prior expectations about tool-use behaviors.

Learning about the function and use of tools through observation requires the ability to exploit one's own knowledge derived from past experience. It also depends on the detection of low-level local cues that are rooted in the tool's perceptual properties. Best known as 'affordances&#...

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Autores principales:	Pierre O Jacquet, Valérian Chambon, Anna M Borghi, Alessia Tessari
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cf1f0c2488bc424490869d6139668643
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cf1f0c2488bc424490869d61396686432021-11-18T07:14:43ZObject affordances tune observers' prior expectations about tool-use behaviors.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0039629https://doaj.org/article/cf1f0c2488bc424490869d61396686432012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22737249/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Learning about the function and use of tools through observation requires the ability to exploit one's own knowledge derived from past experience. It also depends on the detection of low-level local cues that are rooted in the tool's perceptual properties. Best known as 'affordances', these cues generate biomechanical priors that constrain the number of possible motor acts that are likely to be performed on tools. The contribution of these biomechanical priors to the learning of tool-use behaviors is well supported. However, it is not yet clear if, and how, affordances interact with higher-order expectations that are generated from past experience--i.e. probabilistic exposure--to enable observational learning of tool use. To address this question we designed an action observation task in which participants were required to infer, under various conditions of visual uncertainty, the intentions of a demonstrator performing tool-use behaviors. Both the probability of observing the demonstrator achieving a particular tool function and the biomechanical optimality of the observed movement were varied. We demonstrate that biomechanical priors modulate the extent to which participants' predictions are influenced by probabilistically-induced prior expectations. Biomechanical and probabilistic priors have a cumulative effect when they 'converge' (in the case of a probabilistic bias assigned to optimal behaviors), or a mutually inhibitory effect when they actively 'diverge' (in the case of probabilistic bias assigned to suboptimal behaviors).Pierre O JacquetValérian ChambonAnna M BorghiAlessia TessariPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 6, p e39629 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Pierre O Jacquet Valérian Chambon Anna M Borghi Alessia Tessari Object affordances tune observers' prior expectations about tool-use behaviors.
description	Learning about the function and use of tools through observation requires the ability to exploit one's own knowledge derived from past experience. It also depends on the detection of low-level local cues that are rooted in the tool's perceptual properties. Best known as 'affordances', these cues generate biomechanical priors that constrain the number of possible motor acts that are likely to be performed on tools. The contribution of these biomechanical priors to the learning of tool-use behaviors is well supported. However, it is not yet clear if, and how, affordances interact with higher-order expectations that are generated from past experience--i.e. probabilistic exposure--to enable observational learning of tool use. To address this question we designed an action observation task in which participants were required to infer, under various conditions of visual uncertainty, the intentions of a demonstrator performing tool-use behaviors. Both the probability of observing the demonstrator achieving a particular tool function and the biomechanical optimality of the observed movement were varied. We demonstrate that biomechanical priors modulate the extent to which participants' predictions are influenced by probabilistically-induced prior expectations. Biomechanical and probabilistic priors have a cumulative effect when they 'converge' (in the case of a probabilistic bias assigned to optimal behaviors), or a mutually inhibitory effect when they actively 'diverge' (in the case of probabilistic bias assigned to suboptimal behaviors).
format	article
author	Pierre O Jacquet Valérian Chambon Anna M Borghi Alessia Tessari
author_facet	Pierre O Jacquet Valérian Chambon Anna M Borghi Alessia Tessari
author_sort	Pierre O Jacquet
title	Object affordances tune observers' prior expectations about tool-use behaviors.
title_short	Object affordances tune observers' prior expectations about tool-use behaviors.
title_full	Object affordances tune observers' prior expectations about tool-use behaviors.
title_fullStr	Object affordances tune observers' prior expectations about tool-use behaviors.
title_full_unstemmed	Object affordances tune observers' prior expectations about tool-use behaviors.
title_sort	object affordances tune observers' prior expectations about tool-use behaviors.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/cf1f0c2488bc424490869d6139668643
work_keys_str_mv	AT pierreojacquet objectaffordancestuneobserverspriorexpectationsabouttoolusebehaviors AT valerianchambon objectaffordancestuneobserverspriorexpectationsabouttoolusebehaviors AT annamborghi objectaffordancestuneobserverspriorexpectationsabouttoolusebehaviors AT alessiatessari objectaffordancestuneobserverspriorexpectationsabouttoolusebehaviors
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Object affordances tune observers' prior expectations about tool-use behaviors.

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