Relationships between oxygen changes in the brain and periphery following physiological activation and the actions of heroin and cocaine

Abstract Using two-sensor electrochemical recordings in freely moving rats, we examined the relationship between physiological and drug-induced oxygen fluctuations in the brain and periphery. Animals chronically implanted with oxygen sensors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and subcutaneous (SC) space...

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Autores principales:	Shruthi A. Thomas, Carlos M. Curay, Eugene A. Kiyatkin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cf42d71a94b44aeea8793a3ccaf4b1a3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cf42d71a94b44aeea8793a3ccaf4b1a32021-12-02T11:39:47ZRelationships between oxygen changes in the brain and periphery following physiological activation and the actions of heroin and cocaine10.1038/s41598-021-85798-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/cf42d71a94b44aeea8793a3ccaf4b1a32021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85798-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Using two-sensor electrochemical recordings in freely moving rats, we examined the relationship between physiological and drug-induced oxygen fluctuations in the brain and periphery. Animals chronically implanted with oxygen sensors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and subcutaneous (SC) space were subjected to several mildly arousing stimuli (sound, tail-pinch and social interaction) and intravenous injections of cocaine and heroin. Arousing stimuli induced rapid increases in NAc oxygen levels followed by and correlated with oxygen decreases in the SC space. Therefore, cerebral vasodilation that increases cerebral blood flow and oxygen entry into brain tissue results from both direct neuronal activation and peripheral vasoconstriction, which redistributes arterial blood from periphery to the brain. The latter factor could also explain a similar pattern of oxygen responses found in the substantia nigra reticulata, suggesting hyperoxia as a global phenomenon with minor structural differences during early time intervals following the stimulus onset. While arousing stimuli and cocaine induced similar oxygen responses in the brain and SC space, heroin induced a biphasic down-up brain oxygen fluctuation associated with a monophasic oxygen decrease in the SC space. Oxygen decreases occurred more rapidly and stronger in the SC space, reflecting a drop in blood oxygen levels due to respiratory depression.Shruthi A. ThomasCarlos M. CurayEugene A. KiyatkinNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Shruthi A. Thomas Carlos M. Curay Eugene A. Kiyatkin Relationships between oxygen changes in the brain and periphery following physiological activation and the actions of heroin and cocaine
description	Abstract Using two-sensor electrochemical recordings in freely moving rats, we examined the relationship between physiological and drug-induced oxygen fluctuations in the brain and periphery. Animals chronically implanted with oxygen sensors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and subcutaneous (SC) space were subjected to several mildly arousing stimuli (sound, tail-pinch and social interaction) and intravenous injections of cocaine and heroin. Arousing stimuli induced rapid increases in NAc oxygen levels followed by and correlated with oxygen decreases in the SC space. Therefore, cerebral vasodilation that increases cerebral blood flow and oxygen entry into brain tissue results from both direct neuronal activation and peripheral vasoconstriction, which redistributes arterial blood from periphery to the brain. The latter factor could also explain a similar pattern of oxygen responses found in the substantia nigra reticulata, suggesting hyperoxia as a global phenomenon with minor structural differences during early time intervals following the stimulus onset. While arousing stimuli and cocaine induced similar oxygen responses in the brain and SC space, heroin induced a biphasic down-up brain oxygen fluctuation associated with a monophasic oxygen decrease in the SC space. Oxygen decreases occurred more rapidly and stronger in the SC space, reflecting a drop in blood oxygen levels due to respiratory depression.
format	article
author	Shruthi A. Thomas Carlos M. Curay Eugene A. Kiyatkin
author_facet	Shruthi A. Thomas Carlos M. Curay Eugene A. Kiyatkin
author_sort	Shruthi A. Thomas
title	Relationships between oxygen changes in the brain and periphery following physiological activation and the actions of heroin and cocaine
title_short	Relationships between oxygen changes in the brain and periphery following physiological activation and the actions of heroin and cocaine
title_full	Relationships between oxygen changes in the brain and periphery following physiological activation and the actions of heroin and cocaine
title_fullStr	Relationships between oxygen changes in the brain and periphery following physiological activation and the actions of heroin and cocaine
title_full_unstemmed	Relationships between oxygen changes in the brain and periphery following physiological activation and the actions of heroin and cocaine
title_sort	relationships between oxygen changes in the brain and periphery following physiological activation and the actions of heroin and cocaine
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cf42d71a94b44aeea8793a3ccaf4b1a3
work_keys_str_mv	AT shruthiathomas relationshipsbetweenoxygenchangesinthebrainandperipheryfollowingphysiologicalactivationandtheactionsofheroinandcocaine AT carlosmcuray relationshipsbetweenoxygenchangesinthebrainandperipheryfollowingphysiologicalactivationandtheactionsofheroinandcocaine AT eugeneakiyatkin relationshipsbetweenoxygenchangesinthebrainandperipheryfollowingphysiologicalactivationandtheactionsofheroinandcocaine
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Relationships between oxygen changes in the brain and periphery following physiological activation and the actions of heroin and cocaine

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