Identification of the asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities.
<h4>Background</h4>Understanding epidemiological variables affecting gametocyte carriage and density is essential to design interventions that most effectively reduce malaria human-to-mosquito transmission.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Plasmodium falciparum and P. vi...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:cf53eb28cd774729bf1f0d961eb621012021-12-02T20:24:15ZIdentification of the asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009672https://doaj.org/article/cf53eb28cd774729bf1f0d961eb621012021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009672https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Understanding epidemiological variables affecting gametocyte carriage and density is essential to design interventions that most effectively reduce malaria human-to-mosquito transmission.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax parasites and gametocytes were quantified by qPCR and RT-qPCR assays using the same methodologies in 5 cross-sectional surveys involving 16,493 individuals in Brazil, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands. The proportion of infections with detectable gametocytes per survey ranged from 44-94% for P. falciparum and from 23-72% for P. vivax. Blood-stage parasite density was the most important predictor of the probability to detect gametocytes. In moderate transmission settings (prevalence by qPCR>5%), parasite density decreased with age and the majority of gametocyte carriers were children. In low transmission settings (prevalence<5%), >65% of gametocyte carriers were adults. Per survey, 37-100% of all individuals positive for gametocytes by RT-qPCR were positive by light microscopy for asexual stages or gametocytes (overall: P. falciparum 178/348, P. vivax 235/398).<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Interventions to reduce human-to-mosquito malaria transmission in moderate-high endemicity settings will have the greatest impact when children are targeted. In contrast, all age groups need to be included in control activities in low endemicity settings to achieve elimination. Detection of infections by light microscopy is a valuable tool to identify asymptomatic blood stage infections that likely contribute most to ongoing transmission at the time of sampling.Cristian KoepfliWang NguitragoolAnne Cristine Gomes de AlmeidaAndrea KuehnAndreea WaltmannEline KattenbergMaria Ome-KaiusPatricia RarauThomas ObadiaJames KazuraWuelton MonteiroAndrew W DarcyLyndes WiniQuique BassatIngrid FelgerJetsumon SattabongkotLeanne J RobinsonMarcus LacerdaIvo MuellerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e0009672 (2021) |
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DOAJ |
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| topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Cristian Koepfli Wang Nguitragool Anne Cristine Gomes de Almeida Andrea Kuehn Andreea Waltmann Eline Kattenberg Maria Ome-Kaius Patricia Rarau Thomas Obadia James Kazura Wuelton Monteiro Andrew W Darcy Lyndes Wini Quique Bassat Ingrid Felger Jetsumon Sattabongkot Leanne J Robinson Marcus Lacerda Ivo Mueller Identification of the asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities. |
| description |
<h4>Background</h4>Understanding epidemiological variables affecting gametocyte carriage and density is essential to design interventions that most effectively reduce malaria human-to-mosquito transmission.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax parasites and gametocytes were quantified by qPCR and RT-qPCR assays using the same methodologies in 5 cross-sectional surveys involving 16,493 individuals in Brazil, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands. The proportion of infections with detectable gametocytes per survey ranged from 44-94% for P. falciparum and from 23-72% for P. vivax. Blood-stage parasite density was the most important predictor of the probability to detect gametocytes. In moderate transmission settings (prevalence by qPCR>5%), parasite density decreased with age and the majority of gametocyte carriers were children. In low transmission settings (prevalence<5%), >65% of gametocyte carriers were adults. Per survey, 37-100% of all individuals positive for gametocytes by RT-qPCR were positive by light microscopy for asexual stages or gametocytes (overall: P. falciparum 178/348, P. vivax 235/398).<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Interventions to reduce human-to-mosquito malaria transmission in moderate-high endemicity settings will have the greatest impact when children are targeted. In contrast, all age groups need to be included in control activities in low endemicity settings to achieve elimination. Detection of infections by light microscopy is a valuable tool to identify asymptomatic blood stage infections that likely contribute most to ongoing transmission at the time of sampling. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Cristian Koepfli Wang Nguitragool Anne Cristine Gomes de Almeida Andrea Kuehn Andreea Waltmann Eline Kattenberg Maria Ome-Kaius Patricia Rarau Thomas Obadia James Kazura Wuelton Monteiro Andrew W Darcy Lyndes Wini Quique Bassat Ingrid Felger Jetsumon Sattabongkot Leanne J Robinson Marcus Lacerda Ivo Mueller |
| author_facet |
Cristian Koepfli Wang Nguitragool Anne Cristine Gomes de Almeida Andrea Kuehn Andreea Waltmann Eline Kattenberg Maria Ome-Kaius Patricia Rarau Thomas Obadia James Kazura Wuelton Monteiro Andrew W Darcy Lyndes Wini Quique Bassat Ingrid Felger Jetsumon Sattabongkot Leanne J Robinson Marcus Lacerda Ivo Mueller |
| author_sort |
Cristian Koepfli |
| title |
Identification of the asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities. |
| title_short |
Identification of the asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities. |
| title_full |
Identification of the asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities. |
| title_fullStr |
Identification of the asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Identification of the asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities. |
| title_sort |
identification of the asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission intensities. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/cf53eb28cd774729bf1f0d961eb62101 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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1718374076852994048 |