Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on larval development and calcification in the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla.

<h4>Background</h4>As the oceans simultaneously warm, acidify and increase in P(CO2), prospects for marine biota are of concern. Calcifying species may find it difficult to produce their skeleton because ocean acidification decreases calcium carbonate saturation and accompanying hypercap...

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Autores principales:	Hannah Sheppard Brennand, Natalie Soars, Symon A Dworjanyn, Andrew R Davis, Maria Byrne
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cfeafefad8c8448182e464739de51f5c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cfeafefad8c8448182e464739de51f5c2021-12-02T20:20:25ZImpact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on larval development and calcification in the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0011372https://doaj.org/article/cfeafefad8c8448182e464739de51f5c2010-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20613879/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>As the oceans simultaneously warm, acidify and increase in P(CO2), prospects for marine biota are of concern. Calcifying species may find it difficult to produce their skeleton because ocean acidification decreases calcium carbonate saturation and accompanying hypercapnia suppresses metabolism. However, this may be buffered by enhanced growth and metabolism due to warming.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We examined the interactive effects of near-future ocean warming and increased acidification/P(CO2) on larval development in the tropical sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla. Larvae were reared in multifactorial experiments in flow-through conditions in all combinations of three temperature and three pH/P(CO2) treatments. Experiments were placed in the setting of projected near future conditions for SE Australia, a global change hot spot. Increased acidity/P(CO2) and decreased carbonate mineral saturation significantly reduced larval growth resulting in decreased skeletal length. Increased temperature (+3 degrees C) stimulated growth, producing significantly bigger larvae across all pH/P(CO2) treatments up to a thermal threshold (+6 degrees C). Increased acidity (-0.3-0.5 pH units) and hypercapnia significantly reduced larval calcification. A +3 degrees C warming diminished the negative effects of acidification and hypercapnia on larval growth.<h4>Conclusions and significance</h4>This study of the effects of ocean warming and CO(2) driven acidification on development and calcification of marine invertebrate larvae reared in experimental conditions from the outset of development (fertilization) shows the positive and negative effects of these stressors. In simultaneous exposure to stressors the dwarfing effects of acidification were dominant. Reduction in size of sea urchin larvae in a high P(CO2) ocean would likely impair their performance with negative consequent effects for benthic adult populations.Hannah Sheppard BrennandNatalie SoarsSymon A DworjanynAndrew R DavisMaria ByrnePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 6, p e11372 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hannah Sheppard Brennand Natalie Soars Symon A Dworjanyn Andrew R Davis Maria Byrne Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on larval development and calcification in the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla.
description	<h4>Background</h4>As the oceans simultaneously warm, acidify and increase in P(CO2), prospects for marine biota are of concern. Calcifying species may find it difficult to produce their skeleton because ocean acidification decreases calcium carbonate saturation and accompanying hypercapnia suppresses metabolism. However, this may be buffered by enhanced growth and metabolism due to warming.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We examined the interactive effects of near-future ocean warming and increased acidification/P(CO2) on larval development in the tropical sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla. Larvae were reared in multifactorial experiments in flow-through conditions in all combinations of three temperature and three pH/P(CO2) treatments. Experiments were placed in the setting of projected near future conditions for SE Australia, a global change hot spot. Increased acidity/P(CO2) and decreased carbonate mineral saturation significantly reduced larval growth resulting in decreased skeletal length. Increased temperature (+3 degrees C) stimulated growth, producing significantly bigger larvae across all pH/P(CO2) treatments up to a thermal threshold (+6 degrees C). Increased acidity (-0.3-0.5 pH units) and hypercapnia significantly reduced larval calcification. A +3 degrees C warming diminished the negative effects of acidification and hypercapnia on larval growth.<h4>Conclusions and significance</h4>This study of the effects of ocean warming and CO(2) driven acidification on development and calcification of marine invertebrate larvae reared in experimental conditions from the outset of development (fertilization) shows the positive and negative effects of these stressors. In simultaneous exposure to stressors the dwarfing effects of acidification were dominant. Reduction in size of sea urchin larvae in a high P(CO2) ocean would likely impair their performance with negative consequent effects for benthic adult populations.
format	article
author	Hannah Sheppard Brennand Natalie Soars Symon A Dworjanyn Andrew R Davis Maria Byrne
author_facet	Hannah Sheppard Brennand Natalie Soars Symon A Dworjanyn Andrew R Davis Maria Byrne
author_sort	Hannah Sheppard Brennand
title	Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on larval development and calcification in the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla.
title_short	Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on larval development and calcification in the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla.
title_full	Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on larval development and calcification in the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla.
title_fullStr	Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on larval development and calcification in the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla.
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on larval development and calcification in the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla.
title_sort	impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on larval development and calcification in the sea urchin tripneustes gratilla.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/cfeafefad8c8448182e464739de51f5c
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Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on larval development and calcification in the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla.

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