Optimization of harvest and extraction factors by full factorial design for the improved yield of C-glucosyl xanthone mangiferin from Swertia chirata

Abstract Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham. ex C.B. Clarke is an important medicinal plant used in various herbal formulations as it shows significant biological activities such as hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antioxidant and anti-parkinson. C-glucosyl xanthone glycoside...

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Autores principales:	Prabhjot Kaur, R. C. Gupta, Abhijit Dey, Tabarak Malik, Devendra Kumar Pandey
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cfecca954b9e4dc7a6048a134c9227d2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cfecca954b9e4dc7a6048a134c9227d22021-12-02T18:50:57ZOptimization of harvest and extraction factors by full factorial design for the improved yield of C-glucosyl xanthone mangiferin from Swertia chirata10.1038/s41598-021-95663-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/cfecca954b9e4dc7a6048a134c9227d22021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95663-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham. ex C.B. Clarke is an important medicinal plant used in various herbal formulations as it shows significant biological activities such as hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antioxidant and anti-parkinson. C-glucosyl xanthone glycoside (mangiferin) is known as bio-marker compound of genus Swertia L. Development of efficient extraction methods of C-glucosyl xanthone mangiferin from Swertia chirata was attempted by optimizing the pre-harvest, post-harvest and extraction techniques by full factorial design. Firstly, a full factorial design was implemented to evaluate the single and interactive effects of pre-harvest (growth stage and plant part), post-harvest (drying condition and storage periods) followed by selection of best extraction technique such as heat reflux extraction (HRE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound assistant extraction (UAE) at different solvent types on mangiferin yield. HPTLC and HPLC techniques were used for the determination of mangiferin content in extracts generated from different plant samples. In addition, anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic properties were determined by using DPPH assay and percentage inhibition of α‑amylase enzyme. Substantial variation of mangiferin yield, ranged from 1.46 to 4.86% was observed, depending on the growth stage, plant part, drying condition, storage periods and extraction method. Results showed that drying of the leaves of Swertia chirata in the shade harvested at budding stage and stored for not more than 1 month was recommended for obtaining a higher mangiferin yield. Among different extraction techniques, MAE and UAE in 50% aqueous ethanol solvent were found to be efficient and cost-effective with better yield of mangiferin (4.82% and 4.86%, respectively) as compared to HRE (4.14%). Highest DPPH activity and percentage inhibition of α‑amylase was observed in the aqueous ethanol extract of S. chirata leaves harvested at bud-stage of plant followed by flowering stage. The study shows that optimization of various factors by full factorial design was found to be an effective procedure to improve mangiferin yield from Swertia chirata and can be used for extraction of mangiferin.Prabhjot KaurR. C. GuptaAbhijit DeyTabarak MalikDevendra Kumar PandeyNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Prabhjot Kaur R. C. Gupta Abhijit Dey Tabarak Malik Devendra Kumar Pandey Optimization of harvest and extraction factors by full factorial design for the improved yield of C-glucosyl xanthone mangiferin from Swertia chirata
description	Abstract Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham. ex C.B. Clarke is an important medicinal plant used in various herbal formulations as it shows significant biological activities such as hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antioxidant and anti-parkinson. C-glucosyl xanthone glycoside (mangiferin) is known as bio-marker compound of genus Swertia L. Development of efficient extraction methods of C-glucosyl xanthone mangiferin from Swertia chirata was attempted by optimizing the pre-harvest, post-harvest and extraction techniques by full factorial design. Firstly, a full factorial design was implemented to evaluate the single and interactive effects of pre-harvest (growth stage and plant part), post-harvest (drying condition and storage periods) followed by selection of best extraction technique such as heat reflux extraction (HRE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound assistant extraction (UAE) at different solvent types on mangiferin yield. HPTLC and HPLC techniques were used for the determination of mangiferin content in extracts generated from different plant samples. In addition, anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic properties were determined by using DPPH assay and percentage inhibition of α‑amylase enzyme. Substantial variation of mangiferin yield, ranged from 1.46 to 4.86% was observed, depending on the growth stage, plant part, drying condition, storage periods and extraction method. Results showed that drying of the leaves of Swertia chirata in the shade harvested at budding stage and stored for not more than 1 month was recommended for obtaining a higher mangiferin yield. Among different extraction techniques, MAE and UAE in 50% aqueous ethanol solvent were found to be efficient and cost-effective with better yield of mangiferin (4.82% and 4.86%, respectively) as compared to HRE (4.14%). Highest DPPH activity and percentage inhibition of α‑amylase was observed in the aqueous ethanol extract of S. chirata leaves harvested at bud-stage of plant followed by flowering stage. The study shows that optimization of various factors by full factorial design was found to be an effective procedure to improve mangiferin yield from Swertia chirata and can be used for extraction of mangiferin.
format	article
author	Prabhjot Kaur R. C. Gupta Abhijit Dey Tabarak Malik Devendra Kumar Pandey
author_facet	Prabhjot Kaur R. C. Gupta Abhijit Dey Tabarak Malik Devendra Kumar Pandey
author_sort	Prabhjot Kaur
title	Optimization of harvest and extraction factors by full factorial design for the improved yield of C-glucosyl xanthone mangiferin from Swertia chirata
title_short	Optimization of harvest and extraction factors by full factorial design for the improved yield of C-glucosyl xanthone mangiferin from Swertia chirata
title_full	Optimization of harvest and extraction factors by full factorial design for the improved yield of C-glucosyl xanthone mangiferin from Swertia chirata
title_fullStr	Optimization of harvest and extraction factors by full factorial design for the improved yield of C-glucosyl xanthone mangiferin from Swertia chirata
title_full_unstemmed	Optimization of harvest and extraction factors by full factorial design for the improved yield of C-glucosyl xanthone mangiferin from Swertia chirata
title_sort	optimization of harvest and extraction factors by full factorial design for the improved yield of c-glucosyl xanthone mangiferin from swertia chirata
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/cfecca954b9e4dc7a6048a134c9227d2
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Optimization of harvest and extraction factors by full factorial design for the improved yield of C-glucosyl xanthone mangiferin from Swertia chirata

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