Evolutionary genetics of an S-like polymorphism in Papaveraceae with putative function in self-incompatibility.

<h4>Background</h4>Papaver rhoeas possesses a gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) system not homologous to any other SI mechanism characterized at the molecular level. Four previously published full length stigmatic S-alleles from the genus Papaver exhibited remarkable sequence diverg...

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Autores principales:	Timothy Paape, Takashi Miyake, Naoki Takebayashi, Diana Wolf, Joshua R Kohn
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/cff79e3995c8425a8e185828013bc534
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:cff79e3995c8425a8e185828013bc5342021-11-18T06:46:52ZEvolutionary genetics of an S-like polymorphism in Papaveraceae with putative function in self-incompatibility.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0023635https://doaj.org/article/cff79e3995c8425a8e185828013bc5342011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21912602/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Papaver rhoeas possesses a gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) system not homologous to any other SI mechanism characterized at the molecular level. Four previously published full length stigmatic S-alleles from the genus Papaver exhibited remarkable sequence divergence, but these studies failed to amplify additional S-alleles despite crossing evidence for more than 60 S-alleles in Papaver rhoeas alone.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Using RT-PCR we identified 87 unique putative stigmatic S-allele sequences from the Papaveraceae Argemone munita, Papaver mcconnellii, P. nudicuale, Platystemon californicus and Romneya coulteri. Hand pollinations among two full-sib families of both A. munita and P. californicus indicate a strong correlation between the putative S-genotype and observed incompatibility phenotype. However, we also found more than two S-like sequences in some individuals of A. munita and P. californicus, with two products co-segregating in both full-sib families of P. californicus. Pairwise sequence divergence estimates within and among taxa show Papaver stigmatic S-alleles to be the most variable with lower divergence among putative S-alleles from other Papaveraceae. Genealogical analysis indicates little shared ancestral polymorphism among S-like sequences from different genera. Lack of shared ancestral polymorphism could be due to long divergence times among genera studied, reduced levels of balancing selection if some or all S-like sequences do not function in incompatibility, population bottlenecks, or different levels of recombination among taxa. Preliminary estimates of positive selection find many sites under selective constraint with a few undergoing positive selection, suggesting that self-recognition may depend on amino acid substitutions at only a few sites.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Because of the strong correlation between genotype and SI phenotype, sequences reported here represent either functional stylar S-alleles, tightly linked paralogs of the S-locus or a combination of both. The considerable complexity revealed in this study shows we have much to learn about the evolutionary dynamics of self-incompatibility systems.Timothy PaapeTakashi MiyakeNaoki TakebayashiDiana WolfJoshua R KohnPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 8, p e23635 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Timothy Paape Takashi Miyake Naoki Takebayashi Diana Wolf Joshua R Kohn Evolutionary genetics of an S-like polymorphism in Papaveraceae with putative function in self-incompatibility.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Papaver rhoeas possesses a gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) system not homologous to any other SI mechanism characterized at the molecular level. Four previously published full length stigmatic S-alleles from the genus Papaver exhibited remarkable sequence divergence, but these studies failed to amplify additional S-alleles despite crossing evidence for more than 60 S-alleles in Papaver rhoeas alone.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Using RT-PCR we identified 87 unique putative stigmatic S-allele sequences from the Papaveraceae Argemone munita, Papaver mcconnellii, P. nudicuale, Platystemon californicus and Romneya coulteri. Hand pollinations among two full-sib families of both A. munita and P. californicus indicate a strong correlation between the putative S-genotype and observed incompatibility phenotype. However, we also found more than two S-like sequences in some individuals of A. munita and P. californicus, with two products co-segregating in both full-sib families of P. californicus. Pairwise sequence divergence estimates within and among taxa show Papaver stigmatic S-alleles to be the most variable with lower divergence among putative S-alleles from other Papaveraceae. Genealogical analysis indicates little shared ancestral polymorphism among S-like sequences from different genera. Lack of shared ancestral polymorphism could be due to long divergence times among genera studied, reduced levels of balancing selection if some or all S-like sequences do not function in incompatibility, population bottlenecks, or different levels of recombination among taxa. Preliminary estimates of positive selection find many sites under selective constraint with a few undergoing positive selection, suggesting that self-recognition may depend on amino acid substitutions at only a few sites.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Because of the strong correlation between genotype and SI phenotype, sequences reported here represent either functional stylar S-alleles, tightly linked paralogs of the S-locus or a combination of both. The considerable complexity revealed in this study shows we have much to learn about the evolutionary dynamics of self-incompatibility systems.
format	article
author	Timothy Paape Takashi Miyake Naoki Takebayashi Diana Wolf Joshua R Kohn
author_facet	Timothy Paape Takashi Miyake Naoki Takebayashi Diana Wolf Joshua R Kohn
author_sort	Timothy Paape
title	Evolutionary genetics of an S-like polymorphism in Papaveraceae with putative function in self-incompatibility.
title_short	Evolutionary genetics of an S-like polymorphism in Papaveraceae with putative function in self-incompatibility.
title_full	Evolutionary genetics of an S-like polymorphism in Papaveraceae with putative function in self-incompatibility.
title_fullStr	Evolutionary genetics of an S-like polymorphism in Papaveraceae with putative function in self-incompatibility.
title_full_unstemmed	Evolutionary genetics of an S-like polymorphism in Papaveraceae with putative function in self-incompatibility.
title_sort	evolutionary genetics of an s-like polymorphism in papaveraceae with putative function in self-incompatibility.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/cff79e3995c8425a8e185828013bc534
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Evolutionary genetics of an S-like polymorphism in Papaveraceae with putative function in self-incompatibility.

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