Theoretical Thermodynamic Efficiency Limit of Isothermal Solar Fuel Generation from H2O/CO2 Splitting in Membrane Reactors

Solar fuel generation from thermochemical H2O or CO2 splitting is a promising and attractive approach for harvesting fuel without CO2 emissions. Yet, low conversion and high reaction temperature restrict its application. One method...

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Autores principales:	Hongsheng Wang, Hui Kong, Jian Wang, Mingkai Liu, Bosheng Su, Sean-Thomas B. Lundin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	solar fuel hydrogen generation CO<sub>2</sub> splitting H<sub>2</sub>O splitting CO generation membrane reactor Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d04156590ec7442a91072f1332e7b600
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d04156590ec7442a91072f1332e7b6002021-11-25T18:29:26ZTheoretical Thermodynamic Efficiency Limit of Isothermal Solar Fuel Generation from H<sub>2</sub>O/CO<sub>2</sub> Splitting in Membrane Reactors10.3390/molecules262270471420-3049https://doaj.org/article/d04156590ec7442a91072f1332e7b6002021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/7047https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049Solar fuel generation from thermochemical H<sub>2</sub>O or CO<sub>2</sub> splitting is a promising and attractive approach for harvesting fuel without CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Yet, low conversion and high reaction temperature restrict its application. One method of increasing conversion at a lower temperature is to implement oxygen permeable membranes (OPM) into a membrane reactor configuration. This allows for the selective separation of generated oxygen and causes a forward shift in the equilibrium of H<sub>2</sub>O or CO<sub>2</sub> splitting reactions. In this research, solar-driven fuel production via H<sub>2</sub>O or CO<sub>2</sub> splitting with an OPM reactor is modeled in isothermal operation, with an emphasis on the calculation of the theoretical thermodynamic efficiency of the system. In addition to the energy required for the high temperature of the reaction, the energy required for maintaining low oxygen permeate pressure for oxygen removal has a large influence on the overall thermodynamic efficiency. The theoretical first-law thermodynamic efficiency is calculated using separation exergy, an electrochemical O<sub>2</sub> pump, and a vacuum pump, which shows a maximum efficiency of 63.8%, 61.7%, and 8.00% for H<sub>2</sub>O splitting, respectively, and 63.6%, 61.5%, and 16.7% for CO<sub>2</sub> splitting, respectively, in a temperature range of 800 <b>°</b>C to 2000 °C. The theoretical second-law thermodynamic efficiency is 55.7% and 65.7% for both H<sub>2</sub>O splitting and CO<sub>2</sub> splitting at 2000 °C. An efficient O<sub>2</sub> separation method is extremely crucial to achieve high thermodynamic efficiency, especially in the separation efficiency range of 0–20% and in relatively low reaction temperatures. This research is also applicable in other isothermal H<sub>2</sub>O or CO<sub>2</sub> splitting systems (e.g., chemical cycling) due to similar thermodynamics.Hongsheng WangHui KongJian WangMingkai LiuBosheng SuSean-Thomas B. LundinMDPI AGarticlesolar fuelhydrogen generationCO<sub>2</sub> splittingH<sub>2</sub>O splittingCO generationmembrane reactorOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 7047, p 7047 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	solar fuel hydrogen generation CO<sub>2</sub> splitting H<sub>2</sub>O splitting CO generation membrane reactor Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	solar fuel hydrogen generation CO<sub>2</sub> splitting H<sub>2</sub>O splitting CO generation membrane reactor Organic chemistry QD241-441 Hongsheng Wang Hui Kong Jian Wang Mingkai Liu Bosheng Su Sean-Thomas B. Lundin Theoretical Thermodynamic Efficiency Limit of Isothermal Solar Fuel Generation from H<sub>2</sub>O/CO<sub>2</sub> Splitting in Membrane Reactors
description	Solar fuel generation from thermochemical H<sub>2</sub>O or CO<sub>2</sub> splitting is a promising and attractive approach for harvesting fuel without CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Yet, low conversion and high reaction temperature restrict its application. One method of increasing conversion at a lower temperature is to implement oxygen permeable membranes (OPM) into a membrane reactor configuration. This allows for the selective separation of generated oxygen and causes a forward shift in the equilibrium of H<sub>2</sub>O or CO<sub>2</sub> splitting reactions. In this research, solar-driven fuel production via H<sub>2</sub>O or CO<sub>2</sub> splitting with an OPM reactor is modeled in isothermal operation, with an emphasis on the calculation of the theoretical thermodynamic efficiency of the system. In addition to the energy required for the high temperature of the reaction, the energy required for maintaining low oxygen permeate pressure for oxygen removal has a large influence on the overall thermodynamic efficiency. The theoretical first-law thermodynamic efficiency is calculated using separation exergy, an electrochemical O<sub>2</sub> pump, and a vacuum pump, which shows a maximum efficiency of 63.8%, 61.7%, and 8.00% for H<sub>2</sub>O splitting, respectively, and 63.6%, 61.5%, and 16.7% for CO<sub>2</sub> splitting, respectively, in a temperature range of 800 <b>°</b>C to 2000 °C. The theoretical second-law thermodynamic efficiency is 55.7% and 65.7% for both H<sub>2</sub>O splitting and CO<sub>2</sub> splitting at 2000 °C. An efficient O<sub>2</sub> separation method is extremely crucial to achieve high thermodynamic efficiency, especially in the separation efficiency range of 0–20% and in relatively low reaction temperatures. This research is also applicable in other isothermal H<sub>2</sub>O or CO<sub>2</sub> splitting systems (e.g., chemical cycling) due to similar thermodynamics.
format	article
author	Hongsheng Wang Hui Kong Jian Wang Mingkai Liu Bosheng Su Sean-Thomas B. Lundin
author_facet	Hongsheng Wang Hui Kong Jian Wang Mingkai Liu Bosheng Su Sean-Thomas B. Lundin
author_sort	Hongsheng Wang
title	Theoretical Thermodynamic Efficiency Limit of Isothermal Solar Fuel Generation from H<sub>2</sub>O/CO<sub>2</sub> Splitting in Membrane Reactors
title_short	Theoretical Thermodynamic Efficiency Limit of Isothermal Solar Fuel Generation from H<sub>2</sub>O/CO<sub>2</sub> Splitting in Membrane Reactors
title_full	Theoretical Thermodynamic Efficiency Limit of Isothermal Solar Fuel Generation from H<sub>2</sub>O/CO<sub>2</sub> Splitting in Membrane Reactors
title_fullStr	Theoretical Thermodynamic Efficiency Limit of Isothermal Solar Fuel Generation from H<sub>2</sub>O/CO<sub>2</sub> Splitting in Membrane Reactors
title_full_unstemmed	Theoretical Thermodynamic Efficiency Limit of Isothermal Solar Fuel Generation from H<sub>2</sub>O/CO<sub>2</sub> Splitting in Membrane Reactors
title_sort	theoretical thermodynamic efficiency limit of isothermal solar fuel generation from h<sub>2</sub>o/co<sub>2</sub> splitting in membrane reactors
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d04156590ec7442a91072f1332e7b600
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Theoretical Thermodynamic Efficiency Limit of Isothermal Solar Fuel Generation from H<sub>2</sub>O/CO<sub>2</sub> Splitting in Membrane Reactors

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