Digital reconstruction of the Ceprano calvarium (Italy), and implications for its interpretation

Abstract The Ceprano calvarium was discovered in fragments on March 1994 near the town of Ceprano in southern Latium (Italy), embedded in Middle Pleistocene layers. After reconstruction, its morphological features suggests that the specimen belongs to an archaic variant of H. heidelbergensis, repres...

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Autores principales:	Fabio Di Vincenzo, Antonio Profico, Federico Bernardini, Vittorio Cerroni, Diego Dreossi, Stefan Schlager, Paola Zaio, Stefano Benazzi, Italo Biddittu, Mauro Rubini, Claudio Tuniz, Giorgio Manzi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d061a6d0d68848e08801a8b818ce8102
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d061a6d0d68848e08801a8b818ce81022021-12-02T11:52:34ZDigital reconstruction of the Ceprano calvarium (Italy), and implications for its interpretation10.1038/s41598-017-14437-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/d061a6d0d68848e08801a8b818ce81022017-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14437-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The Ceprano calvarium was discovered in fragments on March 1994 near the town of Ceprano in southern Latium (Italy), embedded in Middle Pleistocene layers. After reconstruction, its morphological features suggests that the specimen belongs to an archaic variant of H. heidelbergensis, representing a proxy for the last common ancestor of the diverging clades that respectively led to H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens. Unfortunately, the calvarium was taphonomically damaged. The postero-lateral vault, in particular, appears deformed and this postmortem damage may have influenced previous interpretations. Specifically, there is a depression on the fragmented left parietal, while the right cranial wall is warped and angulated. This deformation affected the shape of the occipital squama, producing an inclination of the transverse occipital torus. In this paper, after X-ray microtomography (μCT) of both the calvarium and several additional fragments, we analyze consistency and pattern of the taphonomic deformation that affected the specimen, before the computer-assisted retrodeformation has been performed; this has also provided the opportunity to reappraise early attempts at restoration. As a result, we offer a revised interpretation for the Ceprano calvarium’s original shape, now free from the previous uncertainties, along with insight for its complex depositional and taphonomic history.Fabio Di VincenzoAntonio ProficoFederico BernardiniVittorio CerroniDiego DreossiStefan SchlagerPaola ZaioStefano BenazziItalo BiddittuMauro RubiniClaudio TunizGiorgio ManziNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Fabio Di Vincenzo Antonio Profico Federico Bernardini Vittorio Cerroni Diego Dreossi Stefan Schlager Paola Zaio Stefano Benazzi Italo Biddittu Mauro Rubini Claudio Tuniz Giorgio Manzi Digital reconstruction of the Ceprano calvarium (Italy), and implications for its interpretation
description	Abstract The Ceprano calvarium was discovered in fragments on March 1994 near the town of Ceprano in southern Latium (Italy), embedded in Middle Pleistocene layers. After reconstruction, its morphological features suggests that the specimen belongs to an archaic variant of H. heidelbergensis, representing a proxy for the last common ancestor of the diverging clades that respectively led to H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens. Unfortunately, the calvarium was taphonomically damaged. The postero-lateral vault, in particular, appears deformed and this postmortem damage may have influenced previous interpretations. Specifically, there is a depression on the fragmented left parietal, while the right cranial wall is warped and angulated. This deformation affected the shape of the occipital squama, producing an inclination of the transverse occipital torus. In this paper, after X-ray microtomography (μCT) of both the calvarium and several additional fragments, we analyze consistency and pattern of the taphonomic deformation that affected the specimen, before the computer-assisted retrodeformation has been performed; this has also provided the opportunity to reappraise early attempts at restoration. As a result, we offer a revised interpretation for the Ceprano calvarium’s original shape, now free from the previous uncertainties, along with insight for its complex depositional and taphonomic history.
format	article
author	Fabio Di Vincenzo Antonio Profico Federico Bernardini Vittorio Cerroni Diego Dreossi Stefan Schlager Paola Zaio Stefano Benazzi Italo Biddittu Mauro Rubini Claudio Tuniz Giorgio Manzi
author_facet	Fabio Di Vincenzo Antonio Profico Federico Bernardini Vittorio Cerroni Diego Dreossi Stefan Schlager Paola Zaio Stefano Benazzi Italo Biddittu Mauro Rubini Claudio Tuniz Giorgio Manzi
author_sort	Fabio Di Vincenzo
title	Digital reconstruction of the Ceprano calvarium (Italy), and implications for its interpretation
title_short	Digital reconstruction of the Ceprano calvarium (Italy), and implications for its interpretation
title_full	Digital reconstruction of the Ceprano calvarium (Italy), and implications for its interpretation
title_fullStr	Digital reconstruction of the Ceprano calvarium (Italy), and implications for its interpretation
title_full_unstemmed	Digital reconstruction of the Ceprano calvarium (Italy), and implications for its interpretation
title_sort	digital reconstruction of the ceprano calvarium (italy), and implications for its interpretation
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/d061a6d0d68848e08801a8b818ce8102
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Digital reconstruction of the Ceprano calvarium (Italy), and implications for its interpretation

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