Cardiorenal Syndrome: New Pathways and Novel Biomarkers

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a multi-organ disease characterized by the complex interaction between heart and kidney during acute or chronic injury. The pathogenesis of CRS involves metabolic, hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and inflammatory mechanisms, and atherosclerotic degeneration. In the process...

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Autores principales:	Guido Gembillo, Luca Visconti, Maria Ausilia Giusti, Rossella Siligato, Alessia Gallo, Domenico Santoro, Alessandro Mattina
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cardiorenal syndrome acute kidney injury chronic renocardiac syndrome novel biomarkers heart kidney Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d0757a4abe1a443fb2dbb9613b2deb57
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d0757a4abe1a443fb2dbb9613b2deb572021-11-25T16:52:17ZCardiorenal Syndrome: New Pathways and Novel Biomarkers10.3390/biom111115812218-273Xhttps://doaj.org/article/d0757a4abe1a443fb2dbb9613b2deb572021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/11/1581https://doaj.org/toc/2218-273XCardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a multi-organ disease characterized by the complex interaction between heart and kidney during acute or chronic injury. The pathogenesis of CRS involves metabolic, hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and inflammatory mechanisms, and atherosclerotic degeneration. In the process of better understanding the bi-directional pathophysiological aspects of CRS, the need to find precise and easy-to-use markers has also evolved. Based on the new pathophysiological standpoints and an overall vision of the CRS, the literature on renal, cardiac, metabolic, oxidative, and vascular circulating biomarkers was evaluated. Though the effectiveness of different extensively applied biomarkers remains controversial, evidence for several indicators, particularly when combined, has increased in recent years. From new aspects of classic biomarkers to microRNAs, this review aimed at a 360-degree analysis of the pathways that balance the kidney and the heart physiologies. In this delicate system, different markers and their combination can shed light on the diagnosis, risk, and prognosis of CRS.Guido GembilloLuca ViscontiMaria Ausilia GiustiRossella SiligatoAlessia GalloDomenico SantoroAlessandro MattinaMDPI AGarticlecardiorenal syndromeacute kidney injurychronic renocardiac syndromenovel biomarkersheartkidneyMicrobiologyQR1-502ENBiomolecules, Vol 11, Iss 1581, p 1581 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cardiorenal syndrome acute kidney injury chronic renocardiac syndrome novel biomarkers heart kidney Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	cardiorenal syndrome acute kidney injury chronic renocardiac syndrome novel biomarkers heart kidney Microbiology QR1-502 Guido Gembillo Luca Visconti Maria Ausilia Giusti Rossella Siligato Alessia Gallo Domenico Santoro Alessandro Mattina Cardiorenal Syndrome: New Pathways and Novel Biomarkers
description	Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a multi-organ disease characterized by the complex interaction between heart and kidney during acute or chronic injury. The pathogenesis of CRS involves metabolic, hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and inflammatory mechanisms, and atherosclerotic degeneration. In the process of better understanding the bi-directional pathophysiological aspects of CRS, the need to find precise and easy-to-use markers has also evolved. Based on the new pathophysiological standpoints and an overall vision of the CRS, the literature on renal, cardiac, metabolic, oxidative, and vascular circulating biomarkers was evaluated. Though the effectiveness of different extensively applied biomarkers remains controversial, evidence for several indicators, particularly when combined, has increased in recent years. From new aspects of classic biomarkers to microRNAs, this review aimed at a 360-degree analysis of the pathways that balance the kidney and the heart physiologies. In this delicate system, different markers and their combination can shed light on the diagnosis, risk, and prognosis of CRS.
format	article
author	Guido Gembillo Luca Visconti Maria Ausilia Giusti Rossella Siligato Alessia Gallo Domenico Santoro Alessandro Mattina
author_facet	Guido Gembillo Luca Visconti Maria Ausilia Giusti Rossella Siligato Alessia Gallo Domenico Santoro Alessandro Mattina
author_sort	Guido Gembillo
title	Cardiorenal Syndrome: New Pathways and Novel Biomarkers
title_short	Cardiorenal Syndrome: New Pathways and Novel Biomarkers
title_full	Cardiorenal Syndrome: New Pathways and Novel Biomarkers
title_fullStr	Cardiorenal Syndrome: New Pathways and Novel Biomarkers
title_full_unstemmed	Cardiorenal Syndrome: New Pathways and Novel Biomarkers
title_sort	cardiorenal syndrome: new pathways and novel biomarkers
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d0757a4abe1a443fb2dbb9613b2deb57
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Cardiorenal Syndrome: New Pathways and Novel Biomarkers

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