Innate Lymphoid Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Bacterial Infections: Function, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Targets

Infectious diseases represent one of the largest medical challenges worldwide. Bacterial infections, in particular, remain a pertinent health challenge and burden. Moreover, such infections increase over time due to the continuous use of various antibiotics without medical need, thus leading to seve...

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Autores principales:	Noha Mousaad Elemam, Rakhee K. Ramakrishnan, Jennifer E. Hundt, Rabih Halwani, Azzam A. Maghazachi, Qutayba Hamid
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) natural killer cells (NKs) bacterial infection mucosal immunity intracellular bacteria extracellular bacteria Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d079c5b0c41f44f393f01c4c3fd02a93
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d079c5b0c41f44f393f01c4c3fd02a932021-11-05T06:45:02ZInnate Lymphoid Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Bacterial Infections: Function, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Targets2235-298810.3389/fcimb.2021.733564https://doaj.org/article/d079c5b0c41f44f393f01c4c3fd02a932021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.733564/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2235-2988Infectious diseases represent one of the largest medical challenges worldwide. Bacterial infections, in particular, remain a pertinent health challenge and burden. Moreover, such infections increase over time due to the continuous use of various antibiotics without medical need, thus leading to several side effects and bacterial resistance. Our innate immune system represents our first line of defense against any foreign pathogens. This system comprises the innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including natural killer (NK) cells that are critical players in establishing homeostasis and immunity against infections. ILCs are a group of functionally heterogenous but potent innate immune effector cells that constitute tissue-resident sentinels against intracellular and extracellular bacterial infections. Being a nascent subset of innate lymphocytes, their role in bacterial infections is not clearly understood. Furthermore, these pathogens have developed methods to evade the host immune system, and hence permit infection spread and tissue damage. In this review, we highlight the role of the different ILC populations in various bacterial infections and the possible ways of immune evasion. Additionally, potential immunotherapies to manipulate ILC responses will be briefly discussed.Noha Mousaad ElemamNoha Mousaad ElemamRakhee K. RamakrishnanRakhee K. RamakrishnanJennifer E. HundtRabih HalwaniRabih HalwaniRabih HalwaniAzzam A. MaghazachiAzzam A. MaghazachiQutayba HamidQutayba HamidQutayba HamidFrontiers Media S.A.articleinnate lymphoid cells (ILCs)natural killer cells (NKs)bacterial infectionmucosal immunityintracellular bacteriaextracellular bacteriaMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol 11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) natural killer cells (NKs) bacterial infection mucosal immunity intracellular bacteria extracellular bacteria Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) natural killer cells (NKs) bacterial infection mucosal immunity intracellular bacteria extracellular bacteria Microbiology QR1-502 Noha Mousaad Elemam Noha Mousaad Elemam Rakhee K. Ramakrishnan Rakhee K. Ramakrishnan Jennifer E. Hundt Rabih Halwani Rabih Halwani Rabih Halwani Azzam A. Maghazachi Azzam A. Maghazachi Qutayba Hamid Qutayba Hamid Qutayba Hamid Innate Lymphoid Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Bacterial Infections: Function, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Targets
description	Infectious diseases represent one of the largest medical challenges worldwide. Bacterial infections, in particular, remain a pertinent health challenge and burden. Moreover, such infections increase over time due to the continuous use of various antibiotics without medical need, thus leading to several side effects and bacterial resistance. Our innate immune system represents our first line of defense against any foreign pathogens. This system comprises the innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including natural killer (NK) cells that are critical players in establishing homeostasis and immunity against infections. ILCs are a group of functionally heterogenous but potent innate immune effector cells that constitute tissue-resident sentinels against intracellular and extracellular bacterial infections. Being a nascent subset of innate lymphocytes, their role in bacterial infections is not clearly understood. Furthermore, these pathogens have developed methods to evade the host immune system, and hence permit infection spread and tissue damage. In this review, we highlight the role of the different ILC populations in various bacterial infections and the possible ways of immune evasion. Additionally, potential immunotherapies to manipulate ILC responses will be briefly discussed.
format	article
author	Noha Mousaad Elemam Noha Mousaad Elemam Rakhee K. Ramakrishnan Rakhee K. Ramakrishnan Jennifer E. Hundt Rabih Halwani Rabih Halwani Rabih Halwani Azzam A. Maghazachi Azzam A. Maghazachi Qutayba Hamid Qutayba Hamid Qutayba Hamid
author_facet	Noha Mousaad Elemam Noha Mousaad Elemam Rakhee K. Ramakrishnan Rakhee K. Ramakrishnan Jennifer E. Hundt Rabih Halwani Rabih Halwani Rabih Halwani Azzam A. Maghazachi Azzam A. Maghazachi Qutayba Hamid Qutayba Hamid Qutayba Hamid
author_sort	Noha Mousaad Elemam
title	Innate Lymphoid Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Bacterial Infections: Function, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Targets
title_short	Innate Lymphoid Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Bacterial Infections: Function, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Targets
title_full	Innate Lymphoid Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Bacterial Infections: Function, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Targets
title_fullStr	Innate Lymphoid Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Bacterial Infections: Function, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Targets
title_full_unstemmed	Innate Lymphoid Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Bacterial Infections: Function, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Targets
title_sort	innate lymphoid cells and natural killer cells in bacterial infections: function, dysregulation, and therapeutic targets
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d079c5b0c41f44f393f01c4c3fd02a93
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Innate Lymphoid Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Bacterial Infections: Function, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Targets

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