Indexing habitat opportunity for juvenile anadromous fishes in tidal-fluvial wetland systems

In intertidal wetlands, habitat access by out-migrating juvenile anadromous fishes, such as salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), is influenced by both physical and biological factors. Physical limits are set by inundation patterns and water quality parameters, while biological bounds are determined by specie...

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Autores principales:	G. Curtis Roegner, Gary E. Johnson, André M. Coleman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Tidal wetland restoration Habitat opportunity Index Juvenile anadromous fishes Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d0839a2e96e94d938db37d899dcf39b1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d0839a2e96e94d938db37d899dcf39b12021-12-01T04:45:55ZIndexing habitat opportunity for juvenile anadromous fishes in tidal-fluvial wetland systems1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107422https://doaj.org/article/d0839a2e96e94d938db37d899dcf39b12021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X2100087Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1470-160XIn intertidal wetlands, habitat access by out-migrating juvenile anadromous fishes, such as salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), is influenced by both physical and biological factors. Physical limits are set by inundation patterns and water quality parameters, while biological bounds are determined by species-specific migration timing and seasonal residency behaviors. We developed a new metric called the fish habitat opportunity index to quantify the total time (h) and volume-time (m3-h) per calendar year that salmon could access a given wetland, based on periods of inundation (volume) and seasonal migration period (time). The basic assumption of the index is that the volume of water inundating a restored wetland and the amount of time the wetland is inundated are both positively related to ecological benefits to juvenile salmon in terms of foraging success, growth, condition, and refuge from predators. We tested this index using data collected at a reconnected tidal freshwater wetland area in the lower Columbia River and estuary during 2006–2009. We found the wetland to be accessible to different salmon species for different lengths of time and periods of the year. On average, Chum Salmon (O. keta) had remarkably consistent opportunities to use wetland marsh habitat over the four years sampled, while opportunities were more variable for Chinook Salmon (O. tshawytscha), and Coho Salmon (O. kisutch). Inundation varied nonlinearly with tidal height. Fish had access to the productive marsh edge for approximately 40–50% of the time during out-migration periods. The fish habitat opportunity index is applicable to wetland systems throughout the tidal-fluvial continuum. It provides a metric for assessing fish habitat opportunity that is more realistic than simple wetted-area calculations or species presence/absence data. Most importantly, the fish habitat opportunity index affords a method for a priori comparison among potential restoration sites to help resource managers predict the likely relative effects on habitat opportunity from restoration aimed at benefiting juvenile anadromous fishes. Maximizing the fish habitat opportunity index should positively affect fish populations that use tidal-fluvial wetlands as vital habitats in their life cycle.G. Curtis RoegnerGary E. JohnsonAndré M. ColemanElsevierarticleTidal wetland restorationHabitat opportunityIndexJuvenile anadromous fishesEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcological Indicators, Vol 124, Iss , Pp 107422- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Tidal wetland restoration Habitat opportunity Index Juvenile anadromous fishes Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Tidal wetland restoration Habitat opportunity Index Juvenile anadromous fishes Ecology QH540-549.5 G. Curtis Roegner Gary E. Johnson André M. Coleman Indexing habitat opportunity for juvenile anadromous fishes in tidal-fluvial wetland systems
description	In intertidal wetlands, habitat access by out-migrating juvenile anadromous fishes, such as salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), is influenced by both physical and biological factors. Physical limits are set by inundation patterns and water quality parameters, while biological bounds are determined by species-specific migration timing and seasonal residency behaviors. We developed a new metric called the fish habitat opportunity index to quantify the total time (h) and volume-time (m3-h) per calendar year that salmon could access a given wetland, based on periods of inundation (volume) and seasonal migration period (time). The basic assumption of the index is that the volume of water inundating a restored wetland and the amount of time the wetland is inundated are both positively related to ecological benefits to juvenile salmon in terms of foraging success, growth, condition, and refuge from predators. We tested this index using data collected at a reconnected tidal freshwater wetland area in the lower Columbia River and estuary during 2006–2009. We found the wetland to be accessible to different salmon species for different lengths of time and periods of the year. On average, Chum Salmon (O. keta) had remarkably consistent opportunities to use wetland marsh habitat over the four years sampled, while opportunities were more variable for Chinook Salmon (O. tshawytscha), and Coho Salmon (O. kisutch). Inundation varied nonlinearly with tidal height. Fish had access to the productive marsh edge for approximately 40–50% of the time during out-migration periods. The fish habitat opportunity index is applicable to wetland systems throughout the tidal-fluvial continuum. It provides a metric for assessing fish habitat opportunity that is more realistic than simple wetted-area calculations or species presence/absence data. Most importantly, the fish habitat opportunity index affords a method for a priori comparison among potential restoration sites to help resource managers predict the likely relative effects on habitat opportunity from restoration aimed at benefiting juvenile anadromous fishes. Maximizing the fish habitat opportunity index should positively affect fish populations that use tidal-fluvial wetlands as vital habitats in their life cycle.
format	article
author	G. Curtis Roegner Gary E. Johnson André M. Coleman
author_facet	G. Curtis Roegner Gary E. Johnson André M. Coleman
author_sort	G. Curtis Roegner
title	Indexing habitat opportunity for juvenile anadromous fishes in tidal-fluvial wetland systems
title_short	Indexing habitat opportunity for juvenile anadromous fishes in tidal-fluvial wetland systems
title_full	Indexing habitat opportunity for juvenile anadromous fishes in tidal-fluvial wetland systems
title_fullStr	Indexing habitat opportunity for juvenile anadromous fishes in tidal-fluvial wetland systems
title_full_unstemmed	Indexing habitat opportunity for juvenile anadromous fishes in tidal-fluvial wetland systems
title_sort	indexing habitat opportunity for juvenile anadromous fishes in tidal-fluvial wetland systems
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d0839a2e96e94d938db37d899dcf39b1
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Indexing habitat opportunity for juvenile anadromous fishes in tidal-fluvial wetland systems

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