WiFi FTM, UWB and Cellular-Based Radio Fusion for Indoor Positioning

High-precision indoor localisation is becoming a necessity with novel location-based services that are emerging around 5G. The deployment of high-precision indoor location technologies is usually costly due to the high density of reference points. In this work, we propose the opportunistic fusion of...

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Autores principales: Carlos S. Álvarez-Merino, Hao Qiang Luo-Chen, Emil Jatib Khatib, Raquel Barco
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
Materias:
UWB
LTE
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/d0881fc874374ce18eeabe76ea54994c
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:d0881fc874374ce18eeabe76ea54994c2021-11-11T19:03:24ZWiFi FTM, UWB and Cellular-Based Radio Fusion for Indoor Positioning10.3390/s212170201424-8220https://doaj.org/article/d0881fc874374ce18eeabe76ea54994c2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7020https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220High-precision indoor localisation is becoming a necessity with novel location-based services that are emerging around 5G. The deployment of high-precision indoor location technologies is usually costly due to the high density of reference points. In this work, we propose the opportunistic fusion of several different technologies, such as ultra-wide band (UWB) and WiFi fine-time measurement (FTM), in order to improve the performance of location. We also propose the use of fusion with cellular networks, such as LTE, to complement these technologies where the number of reference points is under-determined, increasing the availability of the location service. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is presented to weight the different reference points to eliminate outliers, and several searching methods are presented and evaluated for the localisation algorithm. An experimental setup is used to validate the presented system, using UWB and WiFi FTM due to their incorporation in the latest flagship smartphones. It is shown that the use of multi-technology fusion in trilateration algorithm remarkably optimises the precise coverage area. In addition, it reduces the positioning error by over-determining the positioning problem. This technique reduces the costs of any network deployment oriented to location services, since a reduced number of reference points from each technology is required.Carlos S. Álvarez-MerinoHao Qiang Luo-ChenEmil Jatib KhatibRaquel BarcoMDPI AGarticleindoor positioningfusion technologiesUWBWiFi fine time measurementLTEmaximum likelihood estimatorChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7020, p 7020 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic indoor positioning
fusion technologies
UWB
WiFi fine time measurement
LTE
maximum likelihood estimator
Chemical technology
TP1-1185
spellingShingle indoor positioning
fusion technologies
UWB
WiFi fine time measurement
LTE
maximum likelihood estimator
Chemical technology
TP1-1185
Carlos S. Álvarez-Merino
Hao Qiang Luo-Chen
Emil Jatib Khatib
Raquel Barco
WiFi FTM, UWB and Cellular-Based Radio Fusion for Indoor Positioning
description High-precision indoor localisation is becoming a necessity with novel location-based services that are emerging around 5G. The deployment of high-precision indoor location technologies is usually costly due to the high density of reference points. In this work, we propose the opportunistic fusion of several different technologies, such as ultra-wide band (UWB) and WiFi fine-time measurement (FTM), in order to improve the performance of location. We also propose the use of fusion with cellular networks, such as LTE, to complement these technologies where the number of reference points is under-determined, increasing the availability of the location service. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is presented to weight the different reference points to eliminate outliers, and several searching methods are presented and evaluated for the localisation algorithm. An experimental setup is used to validate the presented system, using UWB and WiFi FTM due to their incorporation in the latest flagship smartphones. It is shown that the use of multi-technology fusion in trilateration algorithm remarkably optimises the precise coverage area. In addition, it reduces the positioning error by over-determining the positioning problem. This technique reduces the costs of any network deployment oriented to location services, since a reduced number of reference points from each technology is required.
format article
author Carlos S. Álvarez-Merino
Hao Qiang Luo-Chen
Emil Jatib Khatib
Raquel Barco
author_facet Carlos S. Álvarez-Merino
Hao Qiang Luo-Chen
Emil Jatib Khatib
Raquel Barco
author_sort Carlos S. Álvarez-Merino
title WiFi FTM, UWB and Cellular-Based Radio Fusion for Indoor Positioning
title_short WiFi FTM, UWB and Cellular-Based Radio Fusion for Indoor Positioning
title_full WiFi FTM, UWB and Cellular-Based Radio Fusion for Indoor Positioning
title_fullStr WiFi FTM, UWB and Cellular-Based Radio Fusion for Indoor Positioning
title_full_unstemmed WiFi FTM, UWB and Cellular-Based Radio Fusion for Indoor Positioning
title_sort wifi ftm, uwb and cellular-based radio fusion for indoor positioning
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/d0881fc874374ce18eeabe76ea54994c
work_keys_str_mv AT carlossalvarezmerino wififtmuwbandcellularbasedradiofusionforindoorpositioning
AT haoqiangluochen wififtmuwbandcellularbasedradiofusionforindoorpositioning
AT emiljatibkhatib wififtmuwbandcellularbasedradiofusionforindoorpositioning
AT raquelbarco wififtmuwbandcellularbasedradiofusionforindoorpositioning
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