Validation of SMAP Soil Moisture at Terrestrial National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Sites Show Potential for Soil Moisture Retrieval in Forested Areas

Soil moisture influences forest health, fire occurrence and extent, and insect and pathogen impacts, creating a need for regular, globally extensive soil moisture measurements that can only be achieved by satellite-based sensors, such as NASA's soil moisture active passive (SMAP). However...

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Autores principales:	Edward Ayres, Andreas Colliander, Michael H. Cosh, Joshua A. Roberti, Sam Simkin, Melissa A. Genazzio
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IEEE 2021
Materias:	<italic xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">In situ</italic> satellite validation National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) soil moisture active passive (SMAP) soil water content Ocean engineering TC1501-1800 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d0a265d90abf41c6969ef28713d8cdc82021-11-18T00:00:30ZValidation of SMAP Soil Moisture at Terrestrial National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Sites Show Potential for Soil Moisture Retrieval in Forested Areas2151-153510.1109/JSTARS.2021.3121206https://doaj.org/article/d0a265d90abf41c6969ef28713d8cdc82021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9580715/https://doaj.org/toc/2151-1535Soil moisture influences forest health, fire occurrence and extent, and insect and pathogen impacts, creating a need for regular, globally extensive soil moisture measurements that can only be achieved by satellite-based sensors, such as NASA's soil moisture active passive (SMAP). However, SMAP data for forested regions, which account for ∼20% of land cover globally, are flagged as unreliable due to interference from vegetation water content, and forests were underrepresented in previous validation efforts, preventing an assessment of measurement accuracy in these biomes. Here we compare over twelve thousand SMAP soil moisture measurements, representing 88 site-years, to <italic>in situ</italic> soil moisture measurements from forty National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites throughout the US, half of which are forested. At unforested NEON sites, agreement with SMAP soil moisture (unbiased RMSD: 0.046 m<sup>3</sup> m<sup>−3</sup>) was similar to previous sparse network validations (which include inflation of the metric due to spatial representativeness errors). For the forested sites, SMAP achieved a reasonable level of accuracy (unbiased RMSD: 0.06 m<sup>3</sup> m<sup>−3</sup> or 0.053 m<sup>3</sup> m<sup>−3</sup> after accounting for random representativeness errors) indicating SMAP is sensitive to changes in soil moisture in forest ecosystems. Moreover, we identified that both an index of vegetation water content and canopy height were related to mean difference (MD), which incorporates measurement bias and representativeness bias, and suggests a potential approach to improve SMAP algorithm parameterization for forested regions. In addition, expanding the number and extent of soil moisture measurements at forested validation sites would likely further reduce MD by minimizing representativeness errors.Edward AyresAndreas CollianderMichael H. CoshJoshua A. RobertiSam SimkinMelissa A. GenazzioIEEEarticle<italic xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">In situ</italic> satellite validationNational Ecological Observatory Network (NEON)soil moisture active passive (SMAP)soil water contentOcean engineeringTC1501-1800Geophysics. Cosmic physicsQC801-809ENIEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Pp 10903-10918 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<italic xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">In situ</italic> satellite validation National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) soil moisture active passive (SMAP) soil water content Ocean engineering TC1501-1800 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809
spellingShingle	<italic xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">In situ</italic> satellite validation National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) soil moisture active passive (SMAP) soil water content Ocean engineering TC1501-1800 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 Edward Ayres Andreas Colliander Michael H. Cosh Joshua A. Roberti Sam Simkin Melissa A. Genazzio Validation of SMAP Soil Moisture at Terrestrial National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Sites Show Potential for Soil Moisture Retrieval in Forested Areas
description	Soil moisture influences forest health, fire occurrence and extent, and insect and pathogen impacts, creating a need for regular, globally extensive soil moisture measurements that can only be achieved by satellite-based sensors, such as NASA's soil moisture active passive (SMAP). However, SMAP data for forested regions, which account for ∼20% of land cover globally, are flagged as unreliable due to interference from vegetation water content, and forests were underrepresented in previous validation efforts, preventing an assessment of measurement accuracy in these biomes. Here we compare over twelve thousand SMAP soil moisture measurements, representing 88 site-years, to <italic>in situ</italic> soil moisture measurements from forty National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites throughout the US, half of which are forested. At unforested NEON sites, agreement with SMAP soil moisture (unbiased RMSD: 0.046 m<sup>3</sup> m<sup>−3</sup>) was similar to previous sparse network validations (which include inflation of the metric due to spatial representativeness errors). For the forested sites, SMAP achieved a reasonable level of accuracy (unbiased RMSD: 0.06 m<sup>3</sup> m<sup>−3</sup> or 0.053 m<sup>3</sup> m<sup>−3</sup> after accounting for random representativeness errors) indicating SMAP is sensitive to changes in soil moisture in forest ecosystems. Moreover, we identified that both an index of vegetation water content and canopy height were related to mean difference (MD), which incorporates measurement bias and representativeness bias, and suggests a potential approach to improve SMAP algorithm parameterization for forested regions. In addition, expanding the number and extent of soil moisture measurements at forested validation sites would likely further reduce MD by minimizing representativeness errors.
format	article
author	Edward Ayres Andreas Colliander Michael H. Cosh Joshua A. Roberti Sam Simkin Melissa A. Genazzio
author_facet	Edward Ayres Andreas Colliander Michael H. Cosh Joshua A. Roberti Sam Simkin Melissa A. Genazzio
author_sort	Edward Ayres
title	Validation of SMAP Soil Moisture at Terrestrial National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Sites Show Potential for Soil Moisture Retrieval in Forested Areas
title_short	Validation of SMAP Soil Moisture at Terrestrial National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Sites Show Potential for Soil Moisture Retrieval in Forested Areas
title_full	Validation of SMAP Soil Moisture at Terrestrial National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Sites Show Potential for Soil Moisture Retrieval in Forested Areas
title_fullStr	Validation of SMAP Soil Moisture at Terrestrial National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Sites Show Potential for Soil Moisture Retrieval in Forested Areas
title_full_unstemmed	Validation of SMAP Soil Moisture at Terrestrial National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Sites Show Potential for Soil Moisture Retrieval in Forested Areas
title_sort	validation of smap soil moisture at terrestrial national ecological observatory network (neon) sites show potential for soil moisture retrieval in forested areas
publisher	IEEE
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d0a265d90abf41c6969ef28713d8cdc8
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Validation of SMAP Soil Moisture at Terrestrial National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Sites Show Potential for Soil Moisture Retrieval in Forested Areas

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