The conquest of the dark spaces: An experimental approach to lighting systems in Paleolithic caves.

Artificial lighting was a crucial physical resource for expanding complex social and economic behavior in Paleolithic groups. Furthermore, the control of fire allowed the development of the first symbolic behavior in deep caves, around 176 ky BP. These activities would increase during the Upper Pale...

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Autores principales:	Mª Ángeles Medina-Alcaide, Diego Garate, Iñaki Intxaurbe, José L Sanchidrián, Olivia Rivero, Catherine Ferrier, Mª Dolores Mesa, Jaime Pereña, Iñaki Líbano
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d0a543e4560d4e4cb03fb259e8b0ffb9
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:d0a543e4560d4e4cb03fb259e8b0ffb9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d0a543e4560d4e4cb03fb259e8b0ffb92021-12-02T20:10:36ZThe conquest of the dark spaces: An experimental approach to lighting systems in Paleolithic caves.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0250497https://doaj.org/article/d0a543e4560d4e4cb03fb259e8b0ffb92021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250497https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Artificial lighting was a crucial physical resource for expanding complex social and economic behavior in Paleolithic groups. Furthermore, the control of fire allowed the development of the first symbolic behavior in deep caves, around 176 ky BP. These activities would increase during the Upper Paleolithic, when lighting residues proliferated at these sites. The physical peculiarities of Paleolithic lighting resources are very poorly understood, although this is a key aspect for the study of human activity within caves and other dark contexts. In this work, we characterize the main Paleolithic lighting systems (e.g., wooden torches, portable fat lamps, and fireplaces) through empirical observations and experimental archeology in an endokarstic context. Furthermore, each lighting system's characteristic combustion residues were identified to achieve a better identification for the archaeological record. The experiments are based on an exhaustive review of archaeological information about this topic. Besides, we apply the estimated luminous data of a Paleolithic cave with Paleolithic art (Atxurra in northern Spain) in 3D through GIS technology to delve into the archeologic implications of illumination in Paleolithic underground activities.Mª Ángeles Medina-AlcaideDiego GarateIñaki IntxaurbeJosé L SanchidriánOlivia RiveroCatherine FerrierMª Dolores MesaJaime PereñaIñaki LíbanoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e0250497 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mª Ángeles Medina-Alcaide Diego Garate Iñaki Intxaurbe José L Sanchidrián Olivia Rivero Catherine Ferrier Mª Dolores Mesa Jaime Pereña Iñaki Líbano The conquest of the dark spaces: An experimental approach to lighting systems in Paleolithic caves.
description	Artificial lighting was a crucial physical resource for expanding complex social and economic behavior in Paleolithic groups. Furthermore, the control of fire allowed the development of the first symbolic behavior in deep caves, around 176 ky BP. These activities would increase during the Upper Paleolithic, when lighting residues proliferated at these sites. The physical peculiarities of Paleolithic lighting resources are very poorly understood, although this is a key aspect for the study of human activity within caves and other dark contexts. In this work, we characterize the main Paleolithic lighting systems (e.g., wooden torches, portable fat lamps, and fireplaces) through empirical observations and experimental archeology in an endokarstic context. Furthermore, each lighting system's characteristic combustion residues were identified to achieve a better identification for the archaeological record. The experiments are based on an exhaustive review of archaeological information about this topic. Besides, we apply the estimated luminous data of a Paleolithic cave with Paleolithic art (Atxurra in northern Spain) in 3D through GIS technology to delve into the archeologic implications of illumination in Paleolithic underground activities.
format	article
author	Mª Ángeles Medina-Alcaide Diego Garate Iñaki Intxaurbe José L Sanchidrián Olivia Rivero Catherine Ferrier Mª Dolores Mesa Jaime Pereña Iñaki Líbano
author_facet	Mª Ángeles Medina-Alcaide Diego Garate Iñaki Intxaurbe José L Sanchidrián Olivia Rivero Catherine Ferrier Mª Dolores Mesa Jaime Pereña Iñaki Líbano
author_sort	Mª Ángeles Medina-Alcaide
title	The conquest of the dark spaces: An experimental approach to lighting systems in Paleolithic caves.
title_short	The conquest of the dark spaces: An experimental approach to lighting systems in Paleolithic caves.
title_full	The conquest of the dark spaces: An experimental approach to lighting systems in Paleolithic caves.
title_fullStr	The conquest of the dark spaces: An experimental approach to lighting systems in Paleolithic caves.
title_full_unstemmed	The conquest of the dark spaces: An experimental approach to lighting systems in Paleolithic caves.
title_sort	conquest of the dark spaces: an experimental approach to lighting systems in paleolithic caves.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d0a543e4560d4e4cb03fb259e8b0ffb9
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The conquest of the dark spaces: An experimental approach to lighting systems in Paleolithic caves.

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