Phytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and ER Stress-Reducing Potential of <i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L. Fruit Extract

<i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L. (SE) fruits are used for their immunostimulation, hematopoietic and antiviral potential. Recently, we focused on analyzing the mechanism underlying SE fruit aqueous extract’s (FAE) immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory activities, with attention to its endoplas...

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Autores principales:	Oskan Tasinov, Ivayla Dincheva, Ilian Badjakov, Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva, Bistra Galunska, Ruben Nogueiras, Diana Ivanova
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L. phytochemical composition anti-inflammatory ER stress lipopolysaccharides macrophages Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/d0a9b542674a4bdf801f194c21f2d2f9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:d0a9b542674a4bdf801f194c21f2d2f92021-11-25T18:46:39ZPhytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and ER Stress-Reducing Potential of <i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L. Fruit Extract10.3390/plants101124462223-7747https://doaj.org/article/d0a9b542674a4bdf801f194c21f2d2f92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2446https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747<i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L. (SE) fruits are used for their immunostimulation, hematopoietic and antiviral potential. Recently, we focused on analyzing the mechanism underlying SE fruit aqueous extract’s (FAE) immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory activities, with attention to its endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-reducing potential. J774A.1 macrophages were treated with SE FAE alone or in conditions of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. Using GC–MS and LC–MS/MS, its phytochemical composition was analyzed. To measure transcription and protein levels, we used qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The prevailing phytochemicals in SE FAE were hydroxycinnamic acids, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins. The content of some amino acids, organic acids, alcohols, fatty acids and esters were newly reported. Extracts exerted an immunostimulation potential by stimulating <i>IL-6, TNFα, Ccl2, COX2</i> and <i>iNOS</i> transcription, without inducing ER stress. SE FAE suppressed the LPS-induced transcription of inflammation related genes (<i>IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, Ccl2, Icam-1, Fabp4, COX2, iNOS, Noxo1, IL-1ra, Sirt-1</i>) and reduced the protein levels of iNOS, peIF2α, ATF6α and CHOP. The effects were comparable to that of salicylic acid. SE suppresses LPS-stimulated inflammatory markers on the transcription and translation levels. Targeting ER stress is possibly another mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory potential. These findings reveal the potential of SE fruits as a beneficial therapeutic of inflammation and ER stress-related pathological conditions.Oskan TasinovIvayla DinchevaIlian BadjakovYoana Kiselova-KanevaBistra GalunskaRuben NogueirasDiana IvanovaMDPI AGarticle<i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L.phytochemical compositionanti-inflammatoryER stresslipopolysaccharidesmacrophagesBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2446, p 2446 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L. phytochemical composition anti-inflammatory ER stress lipopolysaccharides macrophages Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	<i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L. phytochemical composition anti-inflammatory ER stress lipopolysaccharides macrophages Botany QK1-989 Oskan Tasinov Ivayla Dincheva Ilian Badjakov Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva Bistra Galunska Ruben Nogueiras Diana Ivanova Phytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and ER Stress-Reducing Potential of <i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L. Fruit Extract
description	<i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L. (SE) fruits are used for their immunostimulation, hematopoietic and antiviral potential. Recently, we focused on analyzing the mechanism underlying SE fruit aqueous extract’s (FAE) immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory activities, with attention to its endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-reducing potential. J774A.1 macrophages were treated with SE FAE alone or in conditions of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. Using GC–MS and LC–MS/MS, its phytochemical composition was analyzed. To measure transcription and protein levels, we used qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The prevailing phytochemicals in SE FAE were hydroxycinnamic acids, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins. The content of some amino acids, organic acids, alcohols, fatty acids and esters were newly reported. Extracts exerted an immunostimulation potential by stimulating <i>IL-6, TNFα, Ccl2, COX2</i> and <i>iNOS</i> transcription, without inducing ER stress. SE FAE suppressed the LPS-induced transcription of inflammation related genes (<i>IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, Ccl2, Icam-1, Fabp4, COX2, iNOS, Noxo1, IL-1ra, Sirt-1</i>) and reduced the protein levels of iNOS, peIF2α, ATF6α and CHOP. The effects were comparable to that of salicylic acid. SE suppresses LPS-stimulated inflammatory markers on the transcription and translation levels. Targeting ER stress is possibly another mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory potential. These findings reveal the potential of SE fruits as a beneficial therapeutic of inflammation and ER stress-related pathological conditions.
format	article
author	Oskan Tasinov Ivayla Dincheva Ilian Badjakov Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva Bistra Galunska Ruben Nogueiras Diana Ivanova
author_facet	Oskan Tasinov Ivayla Dincheva Ilian Badjakov Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva Bistra Galunska Ruben Nogueiras Diana Ivanova
author_sort	Oskan Tasinov
title	Phytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and ER Stress-Reducing Potential of <i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L. Fruit Extract
title_short	Phytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and ER Stress-Reducing Potential of <i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L. Fruit Extract
title_full	Phytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and ER Stress-Reducing Potential of <i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L. Fruit Extract
title_fullStr	Phytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and ER Stress-Reducing Potential of <i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L. Fruit Extract
title_full_unstemmed	Phytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and ER Stress-Reducing Potential of <i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L. Fruit Extract
title_sort	phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory and er stress-reducing potential of <i>sambucus ebulus</i> l. fruit extract
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/d0a9b542674a4bdf801f194c21f2d2f9
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Phytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and ER Stress-Reducing Potential of <i>Sambucus ebulus</i> L. Fruit Extract

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